The mechanisms of stone disintegration by shock waves

Sass, W; Bräunlich, M.; Dreyer, H; Matura, Eike; Folberth, W.; Priesmeyer, H.G.; Seifert, J.

doi:10.1016/0301-5629(91)90045-x

Cited by 113 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…5, this discrepancy increases with shock wave dose and P þ(avg) , indicating an accumulated contribution of cavitation damage and potential synergy with stress waves in producing effective stone comminution. The closer fit of the data in water compared to 1,3-butanediol, despite larger data sets in water, also suggests that cavitation-induced pitting on the surface (Sass et al, 1991;Zhu et al, 2002) may constitute a more uniform, extrinsically induced flaw population than the preexisting, intrinsic flaws distributed inside the stone material. As the treatment progresses, the extrinsic flaw population increases significantly and may become the dominant weakest links whereby the incident LSWs drive the fracture of residual fragments (Zhong, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Many proposed mechanisms, such as spallation (Lubock, 1989), geometric superfocusing (Gracewski et al, 1993;Xi and Zhong, 2001), circumferential squeezing (Eisenmenger, 2001), and shear-induced failure (Xi and Zhong, 2001;Cleveland and Sapozhnikov, 2005;Sapozhnikov et al, 2007) were demonstrated during the fragmentation process in the early stage of SWL, when the stones are of sufficient size to favor the development of large stress concentrations. Other proposed mechanisms, such as dynamic fatigue (Lokhandwalla and Sturtevant, 2000) and cavitation (Coleman et al, 1987;Sass et al, 1991;Philipp and Lauterborn, 1998), describe processes that influence stone fragmentation throughout the entire course of SWL. Despite previous efforts, a disconnection still exists between the proposed mechanisms and the lithotripter shock wave (LSW) parameters that drive the stone fracture processes in SWL (Cleveland and McAteer, 2007;Sapozhnikov et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A heuristic model of stone comminution in shock wave lithotripsy

Smith

Zhong

2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A heuristic model is presented to describe the overall progression of stone comminution in shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), accounting for the effects of shock wave dose and the average peak pressure, P þ(avg) , incident on the stone during the treatment. The model is developed through adaptation of the Weibull theory for brittle fracture, incorporating threshold values in dose and P þ(avg) that are required to initiate fragmentation. The model is validated against experimental data of stone comminution from two stone types (hard and soft BegoStone) obtained at various positions in lithotripter fields produced by two shock wave sources of different beam width and pulse profile both in water and in 1,3-butanediol (which suppresses cavitation). Subsequently, the model is used to assess the performance of a newly developed acoustic lens for electromagnetic lithotripters in comparison with its original counterpart both under static and simulated respiratory motion. The results have demonstrated the predictive value of this heuristic model in elucidating the physical basis for improved performance of the new lens. The model also provides a rationale for the selection of SWL treatment protocols to achieve effective stone comminution without elevating the risk of tissue injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A heuristic model of stone comminution in shock wave lithotripsy

Smith

Zhong

2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…The broadening of cavitation activity with the new lens is mirrored by a ∼49% enhancement of its focal width compared with the original lens. These features may work together to improve stone comminution efficiency with the new lens, through synergistic interactions between LSW-induced stress waves and cavitation pitting produced on the stone surface (12,14,48,49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the lens design and performance of a contemporary electromagnetic shock wave lithotripter

Neisius

Smith

Sankin

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The efficiency of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), a noninvasive firstline therapy for millions of nephrolithiasis patients, has not improved substantially in the past two decades, especially in regard to stone clearance. Here, we report a new acoustic lens design for a contemporary electromagnetic (EM) shock wave lithotripter, based on recently acquired knowledge of the key lithotripter field characteristics that correlate with efficient and safe SWL. The new lens design addresses concomitantly three fundamental drawbacks in EM lithotripters, namely, narrow focal width, nonidealized pulse profile, and significant misalignment in acoustic focus and cavitation activities with the target stone at high output settings. Key design features and performance of the new lens were evaluated using model calculations and experimental measurements against the original lens under comparable acoustic pulse energy (E + ) of 40 mJ. The −6-dB focal width of the new lens was enhanced from 7.4 to 11 mm at this energy level, and peak pressure (41 MPa) and maximum cavitation activity were both realigned to be within 5 mm of the lithotripter focus. Stone comminution produced by the new lens was either statistically improved or similar to that of the original lens under various in vitro test conditions and was significantly improved in vivo in a swine model (89% vs. 54%, P = 0.01), and tissue injury was minimal using a clinical treatment protocol. The general principle and associated techniques described in this work can be applied to design improvement of all EM lithotripters. electromagnetic lithotripter | lens modification | stone fragmentation

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“…Yet, controlled cavitationerosion proves a powerful tool for modern technologies like ultrasonic cleaning [2], effective salmonella destruction [3], and treatment for kidney stones [4]. Such erosion is associated with liquid jets and shockwaves emitted by collapsing cavitation bubbles, but the relative importance of these two processes remains a topic of debate [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Cavitation Bubble Dynamics inside Liquid Drops in Microgravity

et al. 2006

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[Almost identical to PRL 97, 094502 (2006)] We studied spark-generated cavitation bubbles inside water drops produced in microgravity. High-speed visualizations disclosed unique effects of the spherical and nearly isolated liquid volume. In particular, (1) toroidally collapsing bubbles generate two liquid jets escaping from the drop, and the "splash jet" discloses a remarkable broadening. (2) Shockwaves induce a strong form of secondary cavitation due to the particular shockwave confinement. This feature offers a novel way to estimate integral shockwave energies in isolated volumes. (3) Bubble lifetimes in drops are shorter than in extended volumes in remarkable agreement with herein derived corrective terms for the Rayleigh-Plesset equation.

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The mechanisms of stone disintegration by shock waves

Cited by 113 publications

References 12 publications

A heuristic model of stone comminution in shock wave lithotripsy

A heuristic model of stone comminution in shock wave lithotripsy

Improving the lens design and performance of a contemporary electromagnetic shock wave lithotripter

Cavitation Bubble Dynamics inside Liquid Drops in Microgravity

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