The mechanisms of recent vertical crustal movements in Campi Flegrei caldera, southern Italy

Dvorak, John J.; Mastrolorenzo, G.

doi:10.1130/spe263-p1

Cited by 89 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…They correspond to a resurgent caldera (Rosi and Sbrana 1987;Di Vito et al 1999;Nunziata et al 1999;Orsi et al 2002Orsi et al , 2009D'Argenio et al 2004;Deino et al 2004;Milia and Torrente 2007;Blockley et al 2008) with a diameter of 12 km (Phlegrean caldera) resulting from the volcanotectonic collapse induced from the eruption of pyroclastic flow deposits of the Campanian Ignimbrite (35 ka). Coastal sediments ranging in age from 10 to 5.3 ka crop out 50 m above sea level in the marine terrace of La Starza (Gulf of Pozzuoli), indicating a volcano-tectonic uplift of the caldera center (Dvorak and Mastrolorenzo 1991;Morhange et al 2005).…”

Section: Geo-volcanologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) and repeated episodes of slow vertical ground movement (bradyseism) have been documented since Roman times. Vertical ground movements have been observed since the nineteenth century, when the sea-level marks left on the ruins of a Roman (Dvorak and Mastrolorenzo 1991;Morhange et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent vertical crustal movements of the Phlegrean Fields caldera based on ancient coastal ruins have been reconstructed (Dvorak and Mastrolorenzo 1991;Morhange et al 2005). Geologic history of rapid sea level movements and deformation in the Phlegrean Fields is recorded at the Serapis Roman marketplace, where it is inferred by several documents (Dvorak and Mastrolorenzo 1991;Morhange et al 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geologic history of rapid sea level movements and deformation in the Phlegrean Fields is recorded at the Serapis Roman marketplace, where it is inferred by several documents (Dvorak and Mastrolorenzo 1991;Morhange et al 2005). Three marble columns at Serapis showed evidence of once being submerged at least 7 m, then uplifted at a similar amount.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three marble columns at Serapis showed evidence of once being submerged at least 7 m, then uplifted at a similar amount. Based on the elevation of other coastal ruins near Serapis, Dvorak and Mastrolorenzo (1991) estimated that the maximum amount of subsidence at Serapis has been 12-17 m. Two periods of uplift have been reconstructed, the first one a few decades before the 1538 eruption in the Phlegrean Fields and the other one in two distinct episodes, the first one from 1969 to 1972 and the second one from 1982 to 1984. Later, radiocarbondated biological indicators on the pillars of the Roman market have shown three 7 m relative sea level highstands, respectively during the fifth century, the early Middle Ages, and before the 1538 eruption of Monte Nuovo (Morhange et al 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

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New seismo-stratigraphic and marine magnetic data of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): inferences for the tectonic and magmatic events of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex (Campania)

2012

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A detailed reconstruction of the stratigraphic and tectonic setting of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay) is provided on the basis of newly acquired single channel seismic profiles coupled with already recorded marine magnetics gathering the volcanic nature of some seismic units. Inferences for the tectonic and magmatic setting of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex, a volcanic district surrounding the western part of the Gulf of Naples, where volcanism has been active since at least 50 ka, are also discussed. The Gulf of Pozzuoli represents the submerged border of the Phlegrean caldera, resulting from the volcano-tectonic collapse induced from the pyroclastic flow deposits of the Campanian Ignimbrite (35 ka). Several morpho-depositional units have been identified, i.e., the inner continental shelf, the central basin, the submerged volcanic banks and the outer continental shelf. The stratigraphic relationships between the Quaternary volcanic units related to the offshore caldera border and the overlying deposits of the Late Quaternary depositional sequence in the Gulf of Pozzuoli have been highlighted. Fourteen main seismic units, both volcanic and sedimentary, tectonically controlled due to contemporaneous folding and normal faulting have been revealed by geological interpretation. Volcanic dykes, characterized by acoustically transparent sub-vertical bodies, locally bounded by normal faults, testify to the magma uprising in correspondence with extensional structures. A large field of tuff cones interlayered with marine deposits off the island of Nisida, on the western rim of the gulf, is related to the emplacement of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff deposits. A thick volcanic unit, exposed over a large area off the Capo Miseno volcanic edifice is connected with the Bacoli-Isola Pennata-Capo Miseno yellow tuffs, cropping out in the northern Phlegrean Fields.

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Section: Geo-volcanologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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New seismo-stratigraphic and marine magnetic data of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): inferences for the tectonic and magmatic events of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex (Campania)

2012

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Vertical ground displacement at Campi Flegrei (Italy) in the fifth century: Rapid subsidence driven by pore pressure drop

Todesco

Costa

Comastri

et al. 2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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Campi Flegrei (Italy) caldera has experienced episodes of ground deformation throughout its geological history, alternating between uplift and subsidence phases. Although uplift periods are typically more alarming, here we focus on subsidence, looking for its driving mechanisms and its role in the caldera evolution. Historical and archaeological records constrain ground deformation over the last two millennia.Here we revise such records and combine them with published radiometric dating and with the simulation of sea level change. The resulting analysis highlights for the first time a rapid subsidence during the fifth century. We show that rate and magnitude of this subsidence are consistent with the compaction of porous material caused by a pressure drop of~1 MPa within the hydrothermal system. We interpret this event as the decompression of the hydrothermal system following an unrecognized episode of unrest, during Roman times. These findings redefine the pattern of ground deformation and bear important implications for volcanic hazard assessment.

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Application of the probabilistic model BET_UNREST during a volcanic unrest simulation exercise in Dominica, Lesser Antilles

Constantinescu

Robertson

Lindsay

et al. 2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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We report on the first “real‐time” application of the BET_UNREST (Bayesian Event Tree for Volcanic Unrest) probabilistic model, during a VUELCO Simulation Exercise carried out on the island of Dominica, Lesser Antilles, in May 2015. Dominica has a concentration of nine potentially active volcanic centers and frequent volcanic earthquake swarms at shallow depths, intense geothermal activity, and recent phreatic explosions (1997) indicate the region is still active. The exercise scenario was developed in secret by a team of scientists from The University of the West Indies (Trinidad and Tobago) and University of Auckland (New Zealand). The simulated unrest activity was provided to the exercise's Scientific Team in three “phases” through exercise injects comprising processed monitoring data. We applied the newly created BET_UNREST model through its software implementation PyBetUnrest, to estimate the probabilities of having (i) unrest of (ii) magmatic, hydrothermal or tectonic origin, which may or may not lead to (iii) an eruption. The probabilities obtained for each simulated phase raised controversy and intense deliberations among the members of the Scientific Team. The results were often considered to be “too high” and were not included in any of the reports presented to ODM (Office for Disaster Management) revealing interesting crisis communication challenges. We concluded that the PyBetUnrest application itself was successful and brought the tool one step closer to a full implementation. However, as with any newly proposed method, it needs more testing, and in order to be able to use it in the future, we make a series of recommendations for future applications.

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The mechanisms of recent vertical crustal movements in Campi Flegrei caldera, southern Italy

Cited by 89 publications

References 19 publications

New seismo-stratigraphic and marine magnetic data of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): inferences for the tectonic and magmatic events of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex (Campania)

New seismo-stratigraphic and marine magnetic data of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): inferences for the tectonic and magmatic events of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex (Campania)

Vertical ground displacement at Campi Flegrei (Italy) in the fifth century: Rapid subsidence driven by pore pressure drop

Application of the probabilistic model BET_UNREST during a volcanic unrest simulation exercise in Dominica, Lesser Antilles

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