The mechanisms of pedestrian slip on flooring contaminated with solid particles

Mills, Robin S.; Dwyer-Joyce, R. S.; Loo-Morrey, M.

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2008.07.013

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Friction measurements on surfaces covered with sand particles was investigated by Li et al (2007). Mills, Dwyer-Joyce, and Loo-Morrey (2009) measured friction with various particulate contaminants of different diameters (calcite and silicon) and shape factors and floors with different roughness values. They reported that the adhesive friction is significantly affected by particulate contaminants while the hysteretic component is not.…”

Section: Tribologymentioning

confidence: 99%

State of science: occupational slips, trips and falls on the same level

et al. 2016

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Occupational slips, trips and falls on the same level (STFL) result in substantial injuries worldwide. This paper summarises the state of science regarding STFL, outlining relevant aspects of epidemiology, biomechanics, psychophysics, tribology, organisational influences and injury prevention. This review reaffirms that STFL remain a major cause of workplace injury and STFL prevention is a complex problem, requiring multi-disciplinary, multi-faceted approaches. Despite progress in recent decades in understanding the mechanisms involved in STFL, especially slipping, research leading to evidence-based prevention practices remains insufficient, given the problem scale. It is concluded that there is a pressing need to develop better fall prevention strategies using systems approaches conceptualising and addressing the factors involved in STFL, with considerations of the full range of factors and their interactions. There is also an urgent need for field trials of various fall prevention strategies to assess the effectiveness of different intervention components and their interactions. Practitioner Summary: Work-related slipping, tripping and falls on the same level are a major source of occupational injury. The causes are broadly understood, although more attention is needed from a systems perspective. Research has shown preventative action to be effective, but further studies are required to understand which aspects are most beneficial.

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Section: Tribologymentioning

confidence: 99%

State of science: occupational slips, trips and falls on the same level

et al. 2016

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“…The traction a particle-based surface, such as an artificial clay tennis surface, provides will increase with its shear strength. The shear strength of a surface with particle layers, such as an artificial clay tennis surface, will also be dependent on the normal load [27]. The normal loading conditions affect the cohesion between particles which will affect the surface's resistance to shear [28][29].…”

Section: Mechanical Shoe-surface Traction Test Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particles below 50 µm have been shown to form strong cohesive bonds in dry conditions [41]. It has been reported that below 50 μm particles do not act as individual entities and instead form layers with high inter-particle shear strength [27,41]. Under increased normal loading it is likely that the shear strength of the dry ACC1 surface will increase as particles are compressed and cohere.…”

Section: The Influence Of Normal Loading On the Initial Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sand particles (> 63 µm) used in the ACC2 surface system are much greater in size. Mills et al reported 60 µm to be a threshold at which dry particles act as single entities and are less likely to cohere, hence influencing the mechanical behavior of the surface [27]. The traction mechanism developed on the dry ACC2 surface will therefore be more likely influenced by inter-particle friction as opposed to the shear strength of cohered particles.…”

Section: The Influence Of Normal Loading On the Initial Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of an apparatus to understand the traction developed at the shoe–surface interface in tennis

Clarke

Carré

Damm

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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Abstract:The traction developed at the shoe-surface interface can have a significant influence on a player's injury risk and performance in tennis. The purpose of this study was to investigate shoe-surface traction on a dry acrylic hard court and two artificial clay court tennis surfaces in dry and wet conditions. A laboratory-based mechanical test rig was developed to measure the traction force developed at the shoe-surface interface. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between normal force and three measures of traction: initial stiffness, peak traction force and average dynamic traction force. The normal force did not significantly influence the initial stiffness for the shoe-surface system on the acrylic hard court but did on the artificial clay surfaces. The infill particle size and the addition of moisture influenced the traction developed on the artificial clay surfaces. Small, dry particles developed greater traction, and with a sufficiently high applied normal force will provide traction comparable to that on an acrylic hard court. However, increased particle size and/or the presence of moisture generally reduced traction. Strong and significant positive linear relationships were found between peak traction force and average dynamic traction force for all surface types and conditions. This study improves the understanding of the influence surface characteristics have on shoe-surface traction mechanisms. Once traction mechanisms are understood, surface properties and/or footwear can be effectively changed to maximise performance and/or minimise injury risk.

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“…Nevertheless, Mills et al [12] and more recently Y. Hichri et al [13,14] have observed that friction is already reduced on dry contaminated roads. These authors measured the friction by means of a Skid Resistance Tester (SRT) Pendulum which is widely used on roads field as a reference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Observations of dry particles behaviour at the tyre/road interface

Changarnier

Hichri²,

Cerezo³

et al. 2018

Tribology International

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Previous studies highlighted that friction value measured on real road surface textures covered by particles depends on particle sizes. This paper focuses on identification of particles behaviours at the tyre/road interface in the presence of particles. Identification is made by visual observations through high-speed camera, focus-variation microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy on the contaminated surface as scratch analysis on the surface. Two particle types were collected into samples picked next to roads. They are composed of clay and quartz which have different behaviours at the interface and affect the friction. Clay has a lasting effect due to its adhesive behaviour. Quartz has a scratching and rolling behaviour and is quickly ejected to the contact area due to a pinching effect.

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The mechanisms of pedestrian slip on flooring contaminated with solid particles

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

State of science: occupational slips, trips and falls on the same level

State of science: occupational slips, trips and falls on the same level

The development of an apparatus to understand the traction developed at the shoe–surface interface in tennis

Observations of dry particles behaviour at the tyre/road interface

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