The Mechanisms of Endogenous Fires Occurring in Extractive Waste Dumping Facilities

Gogola, Krzysztof; Rogala, Tomasz; Magdziarczyk, Małgorzata; Smoliński, Adam

doi:10.3390/su12072856

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Methane is one of the most dangerous anthropogenic greenhouse gases, and is only second in terms of importance to carbon dioxide [1]. There are many sources of methane including landfills [2], thermally active extractive waste dumping facilities [3], coal mines and coal bed methane extraction facilities [4], and natural gas networks. The natural gas networks are vulnerable to damage resulting in the leaks of this gas into the atmosphere, which primarily contributes to the methane risk to people and the environment, as well as financial losses for the network owner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Natural Gas Leakages Using a Laser-Based Methane Sensor and UAV

et al. 2021

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The safety of the gas transmission infrastructure is one of the main concerns for infrastructure operating companies. Common gas pipelines’ tightness control is tedious and time-consuming. The development of new methods is highly desirable. This paper focuses on the applications of air-borne methods for inspections of the natural gas pipelines. The main goal of this study is to test an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), equipped with a remote sensing methane detector, for natural gas leak detection from the pipeline network. Many studies of the use of the UAV with laser detectors have been presented in the literature. These studies include experiments mainly on the artificial methane sources simulating gas leaks. This study concerns the experiments on a real leakage of natural gas from a pipeline. The vehicle at first monitored the artificial source of methane to determine conditions for further experiments. Then the experiments on the selected section of the natural gas pipelines were conducted. The measurement data, along with spatial coordinates, were collected and analyzed using machine learning methods. The analysis enabled the identification of groups of spatially correlated regions which have increased methane concentrations. Investigations on the flight altitude influence on the accuracy of measurements were also carried out. A range of between 4 m and 15 m was depicted as optimal for data collection in the natural gas pipeline inspections. However, the results from the field experiments showed that areas with increased methane concentrations are significantly more difficult to identify, though they are still noticeable. The experiments also indicate that the lower altitudes of the UAV flights should be chosen. The results showed that UAV monitoring can be used as a tool for the preliminary selection of potentially untight gas pipeline sections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Natural Gas Leakages Using a Laser-Based Methane Sensor and UAV

et al. 2021

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“…Waste from fluidized bed boilers which contains above 1.0 wt.% of free CaO may be classified as hazardous waste. It is also well known that the disposal of the waste at dumping facilities poses the risk of self-heating in the case of contact with water (a strong exothermic reaction) and, as a consequence, health and environmental hazards [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The content of CaO in FBC CFAs constitutes one of the most significant characteristics limiting their use as cement and concrete admixtures on a large scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Kinetics of the Carbonation of Fly Ashes: A Research Study

2021

Self Cite

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The aim of the paper is to present the results of research on the carbonation process kinetics of coal combustion ashes originating from fluidized bed boilers used in power plants. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the hypothesis that carbon dioxide is bounded by the mineral substances (calcium compounds) in the fly ashes was confirmed. Determining the kinetic parameters of the carbonation of fly ashes requires simultaneously taking into consideration the kinetics of the drying process of the sample. The drying process of the sample masks the effect of the reaction of CO2 with calcium compound. Unlike the ashes generated in pulverized fuel boilers, fly ashes contain irregular amorphic mineral components or poorly crystalized products of complete or partial dehydroxylation of claystone substance present in shale formations constituting the gangue as well as anhydrite (CaSO4), a desulfurization product. The content of free calcium oxide (CaO) in such ashes ranges from a few to several percent, which is a significant obstacle considering their use in cement and concrete production as type II admixtures understood to be inorganic grained materials of pozzolanic or latent hydraulic properties. The paper presents effective mechanisms which reduce the content of free CaO in ashes from Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) boilers to a level that allows their commercial utilization in the cement industry.

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“…Air pressure in the confined area, which is in equilibrium with initial pressure in the open area, tends to equalize the resulting difference. At the same time, coal oxidation products pass via cracks in rocks [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korkinsk Brown Coal Open Pit as a Case Study of Endogenous Fires

Argimbaev

Drebenstedt

2021

IJE

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Abrupt termination of the coal open pit operation is complicated in many cases by endogenous fires that not only cause significant damage to property but also worsen sanitation and hygienic conditions for human life in nearby settlements, as well as those for fauna and flora. T herefore, the purpose of the research was to prevent endogenous fires at Korkinsk brown coal open pit. In this connection, we used an analytical method to process the statistical data obtained from observations. The laboratory method included the study of coal samples for moisture exchange intensity by creating conditions with relative humidity up to 97 %, temperature up to plus 50°С and air speed up to 0.5 l/minute. Dependencies were determined for fire occurrence frequency, relative humidity, and average temperature of the air upon the time of day, the intensity of moisture evaporation and initial coal humidity on equilibrium co al humidity as well as the intensity of moisture absorption and equilibrium coal humidity upon initial humidity in different temperature periods. An environmentally friendly solution was created that featured good adhesion to the materials being coated, fire and explosion resistance. T he results obtained make it possible to understand the causes and methods of fighting endogenous fires.

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The Mechanisms of Endogenous Fires Occurring in Extractive Waste Dumping Facilities

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Detection of Natural Gas Leakages Using a Laser-Based Methane Sensor and UAV

Detection of Natural Gas Leakages Using a Laser-Based Methane Sensor and UAV

Process Kinetics of the Carbonation of Fly Ashes: A Research Study

Korkinsk Brown Coal Open Pit as a Case Study of Endogenous Fires

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