The mechanisms of breakaway oxidation of three mild steels in high-pressure CO2 at 500�C

Pritchard, A.M.; Antill, J.E.; Cottell, K. R. J.; Peakall, K.A.; Truswell, A.E.

doi:10.1007/bf00613232

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…1, when the steel was exposed to ethanol at 800 °C for 4 hours, the oxidation kinetics was found to be a rapid increase in massgain, leading to breakaway oxidation. The breakaway oxidation can possibly be attributed to carbon deposition in the scale [22,23]. This finding is evident with EDS elemental analyses mapping in the scale of the steel exposed to ethanol combustion product at 800 °C after 9 hours exposure.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Pyramidal Iron Oxide Scale Formation In Ethanol...mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Some previous studies show that the effect of CO2 has a significant contribution in the formation of carbon deposition that was found in the iron oxide [22−25]. Pritchard et al [23] studied mild steel oxidation in H2O−CO2 mixtures at 500 °C for 500 hours. They observed breakaway oxidation after an incubation period and the breakaway was initiated by a hydrogen effect such as accumulation of hydrogenous gas at the scale-metal interface.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Pyramidal Iron Oxide Scale Formation In Ethanol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation of Mild Steel in Ethanol Burning Environment: Oxidation Kinetics and Microstructural Aspect

Sugiyanto¹

2020

GEOMATE

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The isothermal oxidation of an AISI 1005 steel (mild steel) in water vapour and CO2 mixtures containing environments resulted from ethanol combustion had been investigated for exposure times ranging from 1 hour to 49 hours at elevated temperatures (700 °C, 750 °C and 800 °C). The steel was also oxidized in dry air for comparison. In water vapour and CO2 environments, mild steel underwent a significant degradation in term of the oxidation kinetics compared with those of steel oxidized in dry air environment. This finding is supported by a lower activation energy for steel oxidized in ethanol combustion products (199 kJ/mol) than that of for steel oxidized in dry air (224 kJ/mol). In addition, the breakaway oxidation was found for the steel subjected to ethanol combustion products at 800 °C. The carbon deposited in the magnetite layer was believed to lead the breakaway oxidation after an exposure time for 4 hours. A typical iron oxide growing on steel oxidized in ethanol combustion product is a pyramidal grain structures with compact scale but in dry air environment the iron rich oxide growing on the steel surface is a wrinkle characteristic displaying hollow structures at 700 °C and rough-grained oxide structures at 750-800 °C.

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Section: Mechanism Of Pyramidal Iron Oxide Scale Formation In Ethanol...mentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Mechanism Of Pyramidal Iron Oxide Scale Formation In Ethanol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Mild Steel in Ethanol Burning Environment: Oxidation Kinetics and Microstructural Aspect

Sugiyanto¹

2020

GEOMATE

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“…Gibbs [32] has proposed that the development of a catalyst for the Boudouard reaction, 2CO ¼ CO 2 þ C, within the scale leads to deposition of carbon by CO within the oxide layer which split open the scale and left the system in a state of rapid ''breakaway'' oxidation. A comparison between different steels oxidized in wet and in dry CO 2 at 500 8C showed that the presence of water vapor leads not only to increased oxidation rates but also to greater percentages of carbon [33]. In the presence of water vapor the rate of breakaway oxidation and the amount of carbon in the scale were increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Corrosion resistance of Ni‐50Cr HVOF coatings on 310S alloy substrates in a metal dusting atmosphere

Saaedi

Arabi

Coyle

et al. 2011

Materials & Corrosion

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Metal dusting attack has been examined after three 168 h cycles on two Ni-50Cr coatings with different microstructures deposited on 310S alloy substrates by the high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal-spray process. Metal dusting in uncoated 310S alloy specimens was found to be still in the initiation stage after 504 h of exposure in the 50H 2 :50CO gas environment at 620 8C. Dense Ni-50Cr coatings offered suitable resistance to metal dusting. Metal dusting was observed in the 310S substrates adjacent to pores at the interface between the substrate and a porous Ni-50Cr coating. The porosity present in the as-deposited coatings was shown to introduce a large variability into coating performance. Carbon formed by decomposition of the gaseous species accumulated in the surface pores and resulted in the dislodgement of surface splats due to stresses generated by the volume changes. When the corrosive gas atmosphere was able to penetrate through the interconnected pores and reach the coating-substrate interface, the 310S substrate was carburized, metal dusting attack occurred, and the resulting formation of coke in the pores led to local failure of the coating.

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“…During exposure, it is known that coalescence of the pores will take place, increasing volume and interconnectivity and decreasing frequency when possible [21,[35][36][37][38]. This can be seen in the middle Cr-rich spinel regions and the Cr-rich spinel regions closer to the substrate, but not near the magnetite interface.…”

Section: Oxide Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Using a plasma FIB system to characterise the porosity through the oxide scale formed on 9Cr-1Mo steel exposed to CO2

et al. 2022

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Focused ion beam microscopy and scanning electron microscopy have been used to characterise the porosity of the oxide scale of an experimental 9Cr–1Mo steel sample exposed for 4580 h in a CO2-rich environment. The magnetite shows a high frequency of spherical pores (~ 1 µm3) with no interconnectivity. The Cr-rich spinel layer shows greater interconnectivity, but no single pore spans the total oxide scale. A mechanism for the formation of the different morphologies observed across the scale is proposed, linking porosity changes across the oxide scale to the carburisation and elemental segregation of Cr within the substrate. Graphical abstract

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The mechanisms of breakaway oxidation of three mild steels in high-pressure CO2 at 500�C

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Degradation of Mild Steel in Ethanol Burning Environment: Oxidation Kinetics and Microstructural Aspect

Degradation of Mild Steel in Ethanol Burning Environment: Oxidation Kinetics and Microstructural Aspect

Corrosion resistance of Ni‐50Cr HVOF coatings on 310S alloy substrates in a metal dusting atmosphere

Using a plasma FIB system to characterise the porosity through the oxide scale formed on 9Cr-1Mo steel exposed to CO2

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