The mechanisms of biochar interactions with microorganisms in soil

Gorovtsov, Andrey; Minkina, Tatiana; Mandzhieva, Saglara; Perelomov, Leonid; Soja, Gerhard; Zamulina, Inna; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Sushkova, Svetlana; Mohan, Dinesh; Yao, Jun

doi:10.1007/s10653-019-00412-5

Cited by 158 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…Gomez et al [42] reported that low rates of biochars increased the microbial abundance with Gram-negative bacteria dominating the microbial community; however, high biochar rates (i.e., 49 t ha −1 ) inhibited microbial activity and reduced extractable phospholipid fatty acid [43]. Therefore, biochar amendment impact is greatly depending on biochar properties and soil characteristics and the possible biochar-microorganism interaction mechanisms include toxicity and emission of volatile organic compounds acting directly on soil microorganisms or indirectly by changing soil properties and enzymatic activities [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar Type, Ratio, and Nutrient Levels in Growing Media Affects Seedling Production and Plant Performance

et al. 2020

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Biochar can be used as an alternative component in growing media, positively affecting plant growth/yield, but also media properties. In the present study, two commercial grade biochars (BFW-forest wood; and BTS-fresh wood screening), mainly wood-based materials, were used at 7.5% and 15% (v/v), adding nutrient in two levels (100% and 150% standard fertilizer level-Fert). Biochar affected growing media properties, with increases on pH and changes on the nutrient content levels. Biochar BFW enhanced the emergence of seeds in comparison to the control. Increased fertilizer levels benefited plant yield in BFW and BTS at 7.5%, but not at 15%. Leaf stomatal conductance was reduced at 150% fertilized biochars (BFW + Fert and BTS + Fert) at 7.5%, while total chlorophylls increased at BTS + Fert at 7.5% and 15%. The addition of biochars decreased the antioxidant activity in the plant. Lipid peroxidation in lettuce was increased in most cases with the presence of biochars (BFW, BTS) and 150% fertilization, activating antioxidant (superoxide oxidase and peroxidase) enzymatic metabolisms. The addition of Biochars in the growing media increased the content of nutrients in seedlings, as plants could absorb more available nutrients. Biochar of beech, spruce, and pine species (BFW) at 7.5% was more promising for substituting peat to produce lettuce seedlings. However, examining different species (tomato, leek, impatiens, and geranium) with BFW at 7.5%, the results were not common, and each species needs to be evaluated further.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar Type, Ratio, and Nutrient Levels in Growing Media Affects Seedling Production and Plant Performance

et al. 2020

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“…It was also noted by a similar study that using a carrier material like biochar can aid in the distribution of spores within a specimen, ensuring the availability of bacteria spores at a crack site [13]. However, at higher biochar concentrations, their cellular metabolism could have been adversely affected by the increased interaction of the biochar with the microbes [23]. This could be further explored in future studies.…”

Section: Test Results For the Bacteria-containing Geopolymersmentioning

confidence: 91%

Self-Healing Biogeopolymers Using Biochar-Immobilized Spores of Pure- and Co-Cultures of Bacteria

et al. 2020

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A sustainable solution for crack maintenance in geopolymers is necessary if they are to be the future of modern green construction. This study aims to develop self-healing biogeopolymers that could potentially rival bioconcrete. First, a suitable healing agent was selected from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sphaericus, and Bacillus megaterium by directly adding their spores in the geopolymers and subsequently exposing them to a precipitation medium for 14 days. Scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis revealed the formation of mineral phases for B. subtilis and B. sphaericus. Next, the effect of biochar-immobilization and co-culturing (B. sphaericus and B. thuringiensis) on the healing efficiencies of the geopolymers were tested and optimized by measuring their ultrasonic pulse velocities weekly over a 28-day healing period. The results show that using co-cultured bacteria significantly improved the observed efficiencies, while biochar-immobilization had a weak effect, but yielded an optimum response between 0.3–0.4 g/mL. The maximum crack width sealed was 0.65 mm. Through SEM-EDX and FTIR analyses, the precipitates in the cracks were identified to be mainly CaCO3. With that, there is potential in developing self-healing biogeopolymers using biochar-immobilized spores of bacterial cultures.

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“…In the variants contaminated with 5 APC of metal, the content of the HM exchangeable forms did not exceed the MPC for the soil (3 mg/kg for Cu and 23 mg/kg for Zn) at a sorbent dose of 2.5%. This indicates the ability of applied sorbents to firmly bind metals on their surface and reduce their availability in contaminated soils [ 11 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of organic-matter-containing waste in the absence of an oxidizing agent, which results in the production of charcoal-like residue containing high boiling resin-like compounds, and is performed using pyrolysis gas [7]. Carbon sorbents can firmly bind the soil pollutants, which is facilitated by their tremendously high stability in the soil [1,8,9], and their great sorption capacity [6,10,11]. Hence, the half-period of biochar mineralization (T50) is reported to reach 100 years or more, and the mineralization rate of GAC is even lower [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon and Biochar on the Availability of Cu and Zn to Hordeum sativum Distichum in Contaminated Soil

Burachevskaya

Mandzhieva

Bauer

et al. 2021

Plants

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The presence of heavy metals in the soil could impose serious problems on soil-plant systems due to the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Even vital elements such as Cu and Zn have a toxic effect in the case of excessive intake by living organisms. The present work aimed to investigate the content of loosely bound (exchangeable, complexed, and specifically sorbed) compounds of Cu and Zn and their availability to spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum) in contaminated Haplic Chernozem soil under the conditions of a model experiment (five approximate permissible concentrations (APC) and 10 APC of metal). Changes in the bioavailability of the metals upon application of carbon sorbents were observed. An increase in loosely bound metal compounds has been shown under conditions of soil contamination with metals (up to 57% of the total content). The increase in the availability of Cu in the soil was mainly due to the formation of complexed metal forms with organic matter (up to 17%). The availability of Zn was found to be associated with an increase in exchangeable (up to 21%) and specifically sorbed compounds (up to 27%). Granular activated carbon (GAC) and biochar have high sorption properties. A decrease in the content of loosely bound compounds of metals was established, especially in the most mobile forms such as exchangeable and complexed forms. The introduction of sorbents into the soil opened up a new venue for binding heavy metals in situ, eventually leading to a decrease in their bioavailability. The inactivation of Cu and Zn in the soil upon the application of sorbents led to a decrease in metal absorption by spring barley. The highest efficiency of biochar application was established at a dose of 2.5% and 5% in soil contaminations of 5 APC and 10 APC of Cu or Zn. The efficiency of the use of sorbents was more influenced by the dose of application than by the type of sorbent. There was no significant difference between biochar and GAC. Stabilization and inactivation of metals may improve soil fertility and plant growth.

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The mechanisms of biochar interactions with microorganisms in soil

Cited by 158 publications

References 179 publications

Biochar Type, Ratio, and Nutrient Levels in Growing Media Affects Seedling Production and Plant Performance

Biochar Type, Ratio, and Nutrient Levels in Growing Media Affects Seedling Production and Plant Performance

Self-Healing Biogeopolymers Using Biochar-Immobilized Spores of Pure- and Co-Cultures of Bacteria

The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon and Biochar on the Availability of Cu and Zn to Hordeum sativum Distichum in Contaminated Soil

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