The mechanism of (+) taxifolin’s protective antioxidant effect for •OH-treated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

The natural dihydroflavonol (+) taxifolin was investigated for its protective effect on Fenton reagent-treated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs). Various antioxidant assays were used to determine the possible mechanism. These included •OH-scavenging, 2-phenyl-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide radical-scavenging (PTIO•-scavenging), 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazl radical-scavenging (DPPH•-scavenging), 2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical-scavenging (ABTS+•-scavenging), Fe3+-reducing, and Cu2+-reducing assays. The Fe2+-binding reaction was also investigated using UV-Vis spectra. The results revealed that cell viability was fully restored, even increasing to 142.9 ± 9.3% after treatment with (+) taxifolin. In the antioxidant assays, (+) taxifolin was observed to efficiently scavenge •OH, DPPH• and ABTS+• radicals, and to increase the relative Cu2+- and Fe3+-reducing levels. In the PTIO•-scavenging assay, its IC50 values varied with pH. In the Fe2+-binding reaction, (+) taxifolin was found to yield a green solution with two UV-Vis absorbance peaks: λmax = 433 nm (ε =5.2 × 102 L mol−1 cm −1) and λmax = 721 nm (ε = 5.1 × 102 L mol−1 cm −1). These results indicate that (+) taxifolin can act as an effective •OH-scavenger, protecting bmMSCs from •OH-induced damage. Its •OH-scavenging action consists of direct and indirect antioxidant effects. Direct antioxidation occurs via multiple pathways, including ET, PCET or HAT. Indirect antioxidation involves binding to Fe2+.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s11658-017-0066-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Structure–Activity Relationship and Prediction of the Electron‐Transfer Potential of the Xanthones Series

“…The FRAP assay was initially established by Benzie and Strain . However, the experimental protocol was modified based on a previous report . Briefly, the FRAP reagent was prepared freshly by mixing 10 m m TPTZ, 20 m m FeCl 3 , and 0.29 m acetate–sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.6) in a ratio of 1:1:10.…”

Simultaneous Study of Anti-Ferroptosis and Antioxidant Mechanisms of Butein and (S)-Butin

“…The DPPH • probe, however, was recently suggested to have some limitations [35]. Nevertheless, DPPH • determination has successfully accumulated a great deal of evidence in computational [58,59] and experimental models [60][61][62]. More importantly, two tested-samples butein and (S)-butin could not be dissolved in aqueous solution.…”

Taxifolin Potently Diminishes Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species in Living Cells Possibly by Scavenging Peroxyl Radicals

“…The belief that the catechol group in ring B of flavonoids is the major structural feature imparting antioxidant activity has been supported by the work of Jovanovic et al (1996). Topal et al (2016) and Li et al (2017) have reported that taxifolin is an effective antioxidant and antiradical by using indirect in vitro bioanalytical methods, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical-scavenging, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical-scavenging, Fe 3+reducing and Cu 2+ -reducing assays. However, to our knowledge, there is no information concerning the types of ROS scavenged by taxifolin by using an ESR method.…”

“…Li et al (2017) has reported that taxifolin is an effective scavenger of hydroxyl radical (•OH). The present study together with the report by Li et al (2017) indicates that taxifolin can be a scavenger of both ROO• and •OH.…”

“…Taxifolin is a dihydroflavonol that is abundant in citrus fruits and onions. Taxifolin is arguably the most interesting and promising component of dietary supplements or antioxidant-rich functional foods in the last two decades (Rice Evans et al, 1996;Topal et al, 2016;Li et al, 2017). Importantly, taxifolin exerts significant antioxidant effects that are critical in preventing the onset of apoptosis (Vladimirov et al, 2009).…”