The mechanism of sorption of ethylene dibromide on moist soils

Call, Friedemann

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740081106

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The data in Table I show that the surface areas obtained by heptane sorption are similar to those obtained by nitrogen sorption. Such correspondences have been observed in other studies (3,7). The surface area of the aquifer material is close to the value reported by Ball et al (17), 0.42 m2/g, which was obtained by krypton sorption.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Models for predicting transport of organic chemicals in the vadose zone are usually based on eql (1,2), and several studies have shown that it provides reasonably accurate estimates when the water content of the soil is sufficiently high (3)(4)(5)(6). When the water content is lower, sorption exceeds that predicted by eq 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent studies (7)(8)(9)(10) have shown that water and organic vapors compete for adsorption sites when the relative humidity (RH) is less than about 30%. Several authors (3,5,11,12) have suggested that the air-water interface contributes to sorption of organic vapors in the vadose zone. An air-water interface is formed when soil particles are coated by a continuous film of water thick enough to reproduce the surface chemical properties of bulk water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sorption of organic vapors at the air-water interface in a sandy aquifer material

Hoff¹,

Gillham²,

Mackay³

et al. 1993

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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It was hypothesized that the mineral surfaces in a sandy aquifer material would be sufficiently hydrated in a GC column fed with humidified carrier gas to provide an airwater interface for the sorption of nonpolar organic vapors.To test this, the properties of three sorbents were investigated: an aquifer material, an oxidized version of the aquifer material, and a soil taken from the vadose zone overlying the aquifer. Isotherms, vapor-phase sorption constants, partial molar enthalpies of sorption, and the incremental free energy of sorption for a methylene group were measured using a variety of volatile organic compounds. The sorbents were also characterized with respect to specific surface area, organic carbon content, and water content. The sorptive properties of the oxidized aquifer material closely resembled those of water-coated silica, supporting the hypothesis. It was estimated that the air-water interface was responsible for up to 50% of the observed sorption of alkanes in the aquifer material under the experimental conditions.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sorption of organic vapors at the air-water interface in a sandy aquifer material

Hoff¹,

Gillham²,

Mackay³

et al. 1993

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…As a result, the adsorption of NOCs by clays is suppressed in the presence of water because relatively nonpolar organic chemicals cannot effectively compete with highly polar water for adsorption sites on the clay surface. In the absence of water, the clay acts as a conventional solid adsorbent; the high adsorptive capacity for organic compounds is attributed to its large surface area (Call, 1957;Jurinak, 1957;Chiou and Shoup, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene by Two Tetramethylammonium-Smectites Having Different Charge Densities

Lee

Mortland

Chiou

et al. 1990

Clays and clay miner.

241

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Abstract--A high-charge smectite from Arizona [cation-exchange capacity (CEC) = 120 meq/100 g] and a low-charge smectite from Wyoming (CEC = 90 meq/100 g) were used to prepare homoionic tetramethylammonium (TMA)-clay complexes. The adsorption of benzene, toluene, and o-xylene as vapors by the dry TMA-clays and as solutes from water by the wet TMA-clays was studied. The adsorption of the organic vapors by the dry TMA-smectite samples was strong and apparently consisted of interactions with both the aluminosilicate mineral surfaces and the TMA exchange ions in the interlayers. In the adsorption of organic vapors, the closer packing of TMA ions in the dry high-charge TMA-smectite, compared with the dry low-charge TMA-smectite, resulted in a somewhat higher degree of shape-selective adsorption of benzene, toluene, and xylene. In the presence of water, the adsorption capacities of both samples for the aromatic compounds were significantly reduced, although the uptake of benzene from water by the low-charge TMA-smectite was still substantial. This lower sorption capacity was accompanied by increased shape-selectivity for the aromatic compounds. The reduction in uptake and increased selectivity was much more pronounced for the water-saturated, high-charge TMA-smectite than for the low-charge TMA-smectite. Hydration of the TMA exchange ions and/or the mineral surfaces apparently reduced the accessibility of the aromatic molecules to interlamellar regions. The resulting water-induced sieving effect was greater for the high-charge TMA-smectite due to the higher density of exchanged TMAions. The low-charge Wyoming TMA-smectite was a highly effective adsorbent for removing benzene from water and may be useful for purifying benzene-contaminated water.

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“…Lubatti & Blackith 1955. The modification of Call (1955) and Wade (1952) by which the bromide is estimated colorimetrically~ was also used for methyl bromide.…”

Section: B) Vertical Distribution Of Larvae In Soi1:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

The control of trichostrongyle larvae (Nematoda) by fumigation in relation to their bionomics

Sturrock

1965

Parasitology

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A standard culture technique is described for obtaining the various developmental stages of Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and a suitable technique for assessing the effect of methyl bromide fumigations is outlined.Doses of 10, 25 and 150 mg. hr./l. were required to give an LD50 for eggs, pre-infective and infective larvae respectively. The age of infective larvae, the relative humidity and the temperature all influenced the toxicity of the fumigant. Soil, and more especially faeces, sorb the fumigant and probably protect larvae from its full effect. Infective larvae of T. axei, T. retortaeformis and H. contortus were also found to be susceptible to methyl bromide.The activity of larvae surviving fumigation was considerably reduced, but these larvae were still capable of infecting guinea pigs.Methyl bromide killed common pasture grasses at doses of 150–250 or more mg. hr./l., depending on the temperature. Chloropicrin was found to be highly toxic to grass and unsuitable where the pasture is required undamaged.The results are discussed in the light of current theories of the mode of action of methyl bromide on insects and what is known at present of the physiology of nematodes.It is concluded that under certain conditions, methyl bromide might be used to eliminate infestations of trichostrongyle larvae on pasture, without killing the pasture.I am indebted to Professor B. G. Peters and other members of the staff of the Imperial College Field Station and Dr C. W. R. Spedding of the Grassland Research Institute, Hurley, for their help in this work and their advice and criticism.

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The mechanism of sorption of ethylene dibromide on moist soils

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Sorption of organic vapors at the air-water interface in a sandy aquifer material

Sorption of organic vapors at the air-water interface in a sandy aquifer material

Adsorption of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene by Two Tetramethylammonium-Smectites Having Different Charge Densities

The control of trichostrongyle larvae (Nematoda) by fumigation in relation to their bionomics

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