The Mechanism of Sodium and Chloride Uptake by the Gills of a Fresh-Water Fish, <i>Carassius auratus  </i>

Romeu, Federico García; Maetz, J.

doi:10.1085/jgp.47.6.1195

Cited by 108 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the gill of Carassius both sodium and chloride are transported actively (Garcia Romeu & Maetz, 1964). In our experimental conditions no diffusible anions were present, thus excluding any movement of sodium following active transport of chloride, or any effect of chloride on sodium transport.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The effects of calcium and magnesium on sodium fluxes through gills of Carassius auratus, L

Cuthbert¹,

Maetz²

1972

The Journal of Physiology

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1. Removal of calcium from Carassius either with chelating agents or by adaptation to deionized water increased sodium influx through the gills twofold. 2. Treatment of fish with chelating agents increased sodium outflux, whereas adaptation to deionized water reduced sodium outflux. The effects on outflux do not appear to result from calcium removal. 3. Addition of calcium (2–20 m M) reversed the effects on influx of chelating agents and of adaptation to deionized water. 4. Magnesium (2–10 m M) was without significant effect on sodium influx, but increased the outflow in fish adapted to deionized water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The effects of calcium and magnesium on sodium fluxes through gills of Carassius auratus, L

Cuthbert¹,

Maetz²

1972

The Journal of Physiology

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“…As in other freshwater teleosts, branchial Cl -uptake in goldfish is thought to occur via an apical membrane electroneutral Cl -/HCO 3 -exchanger Garcia Romeu and Maetz, 1964;De Renzis and Maetz, 1973;Preest et al, 2005). The specific genes responsible for Cl -/HCO 3 -exchange in the fish gill have not been identified with certainty although members of the SLC4 and SLC26 gene families have been implicated by immunocytochemistry (Wilson et al, 2000;Piermarini et al, 2002).…”

Section: The Distribution and Putative Functions Of Ionocytes In Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of thermally induced gill remodeling on ionocyte distribution and branchial chloride fluxes in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Mitrovic

Perry

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYExperiments were performed to evaluate the effects of temperature-induced changes in functional gill lamellar surface area on the distribution of ionocytes and branchial chloride fluxes in goldfish (Carassius auratus). In fish acclimated to warm water (25°C), the ionocytes were scattered along the lamellae and within the interlamellar regions of the filament. In cold water (7°C), the ionocytes were largely absent from the lamellae and filaments but instead were mostly confined to the outer regions of an interlamellar cell mass (ILCM) that formed within the interlamellar channels. Using a 'time-differential double fluorescent staining' technique, it was determined that in fish transferred from 25° to 7°C, the ionocytes on the outer edge of (and within) the ILCM originated predominantly from the migration of pre-existing ionocytes and to a lesser extent from the differentiation of progenitor cells. Despite the greater functional lamellar surface area in the warm-water-acclimated fish, there was no associated statistically significant increase in passive branchial Cl -efflux. Because the paracellular efflux of polyethylene glycol was increased 2.5-fold at the warmer temperature, it would suggest that goldfish specifically regulate (minimize) Cl -loss that otherwise would accompany the increasing functional lamellar surface area. In contrast to predictions, the numbers and sizes of individual ionocytes was inversely related to functional lamellar surface area resulting in a markedly greater ionocyte surface area in fish acclimated to cold water (5219±438 compared with 2103±180 μm 2 mm -1 of filament). Paradoxically, the activity of Na ) despite the greater numbers of ionocytes. There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of Cl -uptake in the two groups of fish despite the differences in ionocyte abundance. It is possible that to maintain normal rates of Cl -uptake, a greater ionocyte surface area is required in the cold-water fish that possess an ILCM because of the unfavorable positioning of the ionocytes on and within the ILCM, a structure lacking any obvious blood supply.

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“…In early work, evidence was presented for the electroneutral exchange of both Na + [Na + /H + (NH 4 + )] and Cl − [Cl − / HCO 3 − ], in some way coupled to Na + ,K + ATPase activity in FWCCs (Krogh 1939;Maetz and Garcia-Romeu 1964;Garcia-Romeu and Maetz 1964). These systems were later averred impossible for thermodynamic reasons.…”

Section: Na + Uptake When Fundulus Is Transferred Into Fwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appearance of cuboidal cells in relation to salinity in gills of Fundulus heteroclitus, a species exhibiting branchial Na+ but not Cl− uptake in freshwater

2006

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Fundulus heteroclitus (killifish) is a model organism for ionoregulatory studies, particularly because of its opercular epithelium, although the gills are the major sites of ion exchange. Whereas Na+ and Cl- are excreted through the gills in seawater (SW), the killifish is unusual in taking up only Na+ and not Cl- at the gills in freshwater (FW). We describe morphological changes in the branchial epithelium following transfer from an acclimation medium of 10% SW to 100% SW or FW. In 10% SW, mitochondria-rich cells resemble typical seawater chloride cells (SWCCs) with accessory cells. After transfer to 100% SW, no change occurs in pavement cell (PVC) morphology or mitotic rate (measured by bromo-deoxyuridine technique), although the density of SWCC apertures increases several fold because of the uncovering of buried SWCCs by PVCs, in accord with increased rates of Na+ and Cl- efflux. After transfer to FW, PVC morphology remains unchanged, but SWCCs and accessory cells are quickly covered by PVCs, with many undergoing apoptosis or necrosis. The mitotic rate doubles by 10-14 h but typical freshwater chloride cells (FWCCs) do not appear. Instead, a wedge-shaped cell type that is moderately rich in apically oriented mitochondria, with a large ovoid nucleus, thin cytoplasmic layer, paucity of vesicular-tubular network, and variably villous surface rapidly (by 3 h) and progressively appears in the filament epithelium, by both uncovering and mitosis. This cell type is similar to that recently identified as the site of Na+ uptake in the FW trout gill. We propose the new term "cuboidal cell" for this cell, based on its morphology, to avoid confusion with traditional terminology (of PVC). We hypothesize that the cuboidal cells are the sites of active Na+ uptake in FW F. heteroclitus and suggest that the lack of Cl- uptake is attributable to the absence of typical FWCCs previously described in teleosts.

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The Mechanism of Sodium and Chloride Uptake by the Gills of a Fresh-Water Fish, Carassius auratus

Cited by 108 publications

References 4 publications

The effects of calcium and magnesium on sodium fluxes through gills of Carassius auratus, L

The effects of calcium and magnesium on sodium fluxes through gills of Carassius auratus, L

The effects of thermally induced gill remodeling on ionocyte distribution and branchial chloride fluxes in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Appearance of cuboidal cells in relation to salinity in gills of Fundulus heteroclitus, a species exhibiting branchial Na+ but not Cl− uptake in freshwater

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