The mechanism of high-salinity thermal groundwater in Xinzhou geothermal field, South China: Insight from water chemistry and stable isotopes

Mao, Xumei; Zhu, Dongbo; Ndikubwimana, Innocent; He, Yaoye; Shi, Zide

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125889

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In accordance with the chemical characteristics of the thermal and non-thermal springs, it can be argued that the water-rock interaction controls the concentration of the chemical constituents of the studied, but magmatic CO 2 contribution cannot be ruled out. Moreover, significant mixing with the shallow groundwater during the ascent of the thermal waters might have occurred, because the thermal and non-thermal springs waters displayed a nearly similar water chemistry (Mao et al, 2021).…”

Section: Geochemical Characteristics Of Thermal and Non-thermal Springsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multicomponent mineral equilibrium (MME) geothermometer consists of computing changes in saturation states with increasing water temperature to obtain a point at which a set of selected minerals, presumably present in the water-mineral equilibrium in the reservoir, simultaneously converge to that equilibrium (Pang and Reed, 1998;Mao et al, 2021). The reservoir lithology, the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the waters, and the results from the solutes geothermom- eters are referred to when selecting the mineral phases assumed to be in equilibrium with the reservoir fluids (Palmer et al, 2014).…”

Section: Estimation Of the Reservoir Temperature Using Selected Chemical Geothermometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-rock interaction, formation and circulation mechanism of highly bicarbonate groundwater in the northwestern geothermal prospects of Rwanda

et al. 2022

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Five thermal springs, twelve non-thermal springs, and two lake water samples from the northwestern part of Rwanda were studied to assess their chemical characteristics and infer the formation mechanism of the thermal waters. Multicomponent mineral equilibrium (MME) geothermometer calculations at Gisenyi prospects with the highest in situ measured temperature (73.1°C) showed the reservoir temperature of 90±6°C. The MME temperature estimates agreed well with Silica-based, K-Mg and Mg-Li geothermometers while the other cation geothermometers (Na-K, Na-K-Ca, Na-K-Ca-Mg, and Na-Li) results are unreliable. Most of the non-thermal springs are Ca-Mg-HCO 3 water-type while the thermal spring waters were majorly Na-HCO 3 . The δD composition varied from -16.6 to -5.9‰ and from -11.8 to -5.0‰, while the δ 18 O ranged from -4.17 to -3.5‰ and -4.32 to -2.7‰, for thermal and non-thermal springs, respectively. All isotopic ratios scattered around the meteoric water lines, thus indicating their similar meteoric origin. In addition, there was no observable δ 18 O positive shift speculating less extent of water-rock interactions while geogenic CO 2 ingress into the waters has been ascertained by both isotopic and chemical component ratios. We proposed a circulation mechanism of the thermal waters for the study area.

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Section: Geochemical Characteristics Of Thermal and Non-thermal Springsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of the Reservoir Temperature Using Selected Chemical Geothermometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-rock interaction, formation and circulation mechanism of highly bicarbonate groundwater in the northwestern geothermal prospects of Rwanda

et al. 2022

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“…The hot springs in the coastal areas of the Cathaysia Block are exposed mainly along faults, and the thermal reservoir temperature of the hot springs was calculated to be 120-150°C using chemical geothermometers (Mao et al, 2021). The intersection of a major fault with a secondary fault forms a pathway for the migration and storage of geothermal fluids, and the groundwater from atmospheric precipitation forms geothermal fluids that are circulated deep underground to a depth of approximately 4 km (Mao et al, 2021). The heat flow (mean of 83.4 mW/m 2 ) in the Cathaysia Block is distinctly higher than that elsewhere in mainland China (Jiang et al, 2019), which is consistent with the features of granitic rocks containing large amounts of radiogenic heat-producing elements and with the number of hot springs in the Cathaysia Block (Z.-M. Zhou, Ma, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Thermal Structure Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetotelluric Evidence for Lithospheric Alteration Beneath the Wuyi‐Yunkai Orogen: Implications for Thermal Structure of South China

Kong

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The South China Block is an important Precambrian terrane in East Asia that formed during the early Neoproterozoic when the Yangtze Craton in the NW merged with the Cathaysia Block in the SE along the Jiangnan Orogen (Chen et al., 1991;Wang et al., 2007;Zhao, 2015). The South China Block has experienced multiple episodes of tectonomagmatism, which were accompanied by strong deformation and extensive metamorphism and migmatization (Li, 2000;Wang et al., 2013). Since the early Yanshanian (∼205-135 Ma), the tectonic setting of the South China Block has involved intracontinental lithospheric extension and asthenospheric upwelling with the former resulting in the emplacement of Mesozoic (∼230-66 Ma) granites over a large area of South China (Li et al., 2014). These Mesozoic granites, especially those emplaced since the Late Mesozoic (∼66 Ma), are widely exposed at the surface along the NE-NNE -trending structural belts (Chen et al., 1991;Li, 2000).

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“…Fluid geothermometers are widely used to estimate reservoir temperature using geochemical data of hot springs and geothermal wells and can be divided into empirical and theoretical methods. Because geothermal fluids are widely occurring in igneous rock areas where faults or fractures are developed, they are susceptible to the effects of degassing and shallow groundwater mixing during ascent from the deep reservoir to the surface (Pang, 1988;Yuan, 2013;Wang, 2018;Mao et al, 2020). Therefore, the mixing model and multi-minerals equilibrium method are more applicable than other empirical geothermometers.…”

Section: Geothermometers Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluid geothermometers are also good methods to evaluate reservoir temperature when there are no boreholes. Research on reservoir temperature prediction using geochemical methods shows that it will not exceed 150 °C for the geothermal system in Fujian province while that of Guangdong and Hainan province range from 100 to 154 °C (Pang, 1988;Li et al, 2013;Mao et al, 2020). In all, whether and where high temperature geothermal resources exist in IRRSC remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Existence of High Temperature Geothermal Resources in the Igneous Rock Regions of South China

Tian

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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Large areas of Yanshan period granites with high heat production values (3–10 μW/m3) and mantle plume around Hainan province co-exist in Igneous Rocks Regions of South China (IRRSC). Surface manifestations are mainly warm/hot springs with temperatures below 90 °C and no typical phenomenon of high temperature resources have been observed. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the existence of high temperature geothermal resources and their possible locations under this kind of geothermal and tectonic background by analysis of high temperature heat sources, borehole temperature measurement, and reservoir temperature estimation. Two possible partial melts of the magma chamber were detected as high temperature heat sources in the Southern Leizhou Peninsular and North Hainan Island at a depth of 8–15 km. Other low resistivity zones in the upper crust are more likely caused by fluid in the formations or faults but not high temperature heat sources. This was also verified by borehole temperature measurement in these two areas, with maximum formation temperatures of 211°C and 185°C found, respectively. Reservoir temperatures from fluid geothermometers show lower temperatures of between 110–160°C for typical geothermal fields over the IRRSC but not in the Southern Leizhou Peninsular and Northern Hainan Island. In all, high temperature geothermal resources may be found in the Southern Leizhou Peninsular and on Northern Hainan Island.

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The mechanism of high-salinity thermal groundwater in Xinzhou geothermal field, South China: Insight from water chemistry and stable isotopes

Cited by 38 publications

References 60 publications

Water-rock interaction, formation and circulation mechanism of highly bicarbonate groundwater in the northwestern geothermal prospects of Rwanda

Water-rock interaction, formation and circulation mechanism of highly bicarbonate groundwater in the northwestern geothermal prospects of Rwanda

Magnetotelluric Evidence for Lithospheric Alteration Beneath the Wuyi‐Yunkai Orogen: Implications for Thermal Structure of South China

Existence of High Temperature Geothermal Resources in the Igneous Rock Regions of South China

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