The mechanism of grain refinement of titanium by silicon

Bermingham, Michael; McDonald, Stuart D.; Dargusch, Matthew S.; StJohn, David H.

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.01.041

Cited by 120 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…0.05 to 0.9 wt pct). [24] They also compared their results with a similar study of Ti-Si system by Zhu et al [25] which reports even greater grain refinement (up to 92 pct) with increase in Si content up to 2.75 wt pct. The Easton and St. John equation (grain size d vs the inverse of Q) for both studies is schematically shown in Figure 6 for such comparison.…”

Section: B Effect Of W On Grain Sizementioning

confidence: 87%

“…Experimental results of Easton and St. John for Al alloys [22] and Mg alloys [23] showed that this relationship gave a good fit to the data. In a more recent research work conducted by Bermingham et al, [24] the same model was applied to Ti refined by additions of silicon. The results were also in agreement with the Easton and St. John model, suggesting that the model is also applicable to Ti alloys.…”

Section: The High Level Of Interest In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, while B and Si both have an ability to reduce the grain size, [17,25] these two elements will form intermetallic compounds that may have secondary (perhaps deleterious) effects on the microstructural evolution [24] or the mechanical properties [26] beyond a certain composition limit c 0 . While the overall design of new alloy composition is well beyond this paper, multiple activities are underway [27] to provide tools that can be used in parallel with the emphasis of this paper-affecting grain size.…”

Section: The High Level Of Interest In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several solute elements in small amounts with a high growth restriction factor Q have been evaluated in the past such as beryllium with the Q factor of 72C 0 , [12] Boron with the Q factor of 66C 0 [18] and silicon with the Q factor of 21.7C 0 . [24] Tungsten is among the elements with a high Q factor of about 22.65C 0 , which has been largely neglected in the literature. These elements, as well as other potential binary systems, [12] are given in Table I.…”

Section: The High Level Of Interest In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is useful to present a brief review and analysis of previous results on grain refinement for the Ti-Si [24,25] and Ti-B [17,18] systems to understand the applicability and interpretation of the Easton and St. John equation [13,22] for the Ti-W system results presented here. In their study, Bermingham et al observed significant grain refinement of Ti (i.e., average grain diameters dropping from 600 to 200 lm) upon the addition of small quantities of Si (i.e.…”

Section: B Effect Of W On Grain Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Microstructures and Grain Refinement of Additive-Manufactured Ti-xW Alloys

Mendoza

Samimi

Brice

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is necessary to better understand the composition-processing-microstructure relationships that exist for materials produced by additive manufacturing. To this end, Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENSä), a type of additive manufacturing, was used to produce a compositionally graded titanium binary model alloy system (Ti-xW specimen (0 £ x £ 30 wt pct), so that relationships could be made between composition, processing, and the prior beta grain size. Importantly, the thermophysical properties of the Ti-xW, specifically its supercooling parameter (P) and growth restriction factor (Q), are such that grain refinement is expected and was observed. The systematic, combinatorial study of this binary system provides an opportunity to assess the mechanisms by which grain refinement occurs in Ti-based alloys in general, and for additive manufacturing in particular. The operating mechanisms that govern the relationship between composition and grain size are interpreted using a model originally developed for aluminum and magnesium alloys and subsequently applied for titanium alloys. The prior beta grain factor observed and the interpretations of their correlations indicate that tungsten is a good grain refiner and such models are valid to explain the grain-refinement process. By extension, other binary elements or higher order alloy systems with similar thermophysical properties should exhibit similar grain refinement.

show abstract

Section: B Effect Of W On Grain Sizementioning

confidence: 87%

Section: The High Level Of Interest In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The High Level Of Interest In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The High Level Of Interest In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Effect Of W On Grain Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Microstructures and Grain Refinement of Additive-Manufactured Ti-xW Alloys

Mendoza

Samimi

Brice

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Grain Refinement of Aluminium Alloys: Recent Developments in Predicting the As‐Cast Grain Size of Alloys Refined by Al‐Ti‐B Master Alloys

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents the results of recent research on the grain refinement of aluminium alloys. There has been considerable development in our understanding of the mechanisms controlling grain refinement over the last decade and these will be briefly described. In particular, the Interdependence Model has clearly explained the interdependence between the growth of grains and the nucleation potency of refining particles in causing a wave of nucleation events throughout a casting. This interaction determines the final as-cast grain size. A key factor identified by this research is the formation of a nucleation-free zone in front of a growing grain that prevents nucleation up to the point where a critical amount of constitutional supercooling is established allowing the next nucleation event to occur. Thus, the grain size is determined by the size of the nucleation-free zone and the distance to the next most potent particle. The Interdependence Model can, therefore, be used to predict grain size changes with composition and nucleant particle density. In this paper the Interdependence Model is used to develop equations for predicting the grain size of aluminium alloys when refined by Al-Ti-B master alloys. The performance of Al-5Ti-1B and Al-3Ti-1B master alloys are compared in the light of the Model. Light Metals 2014

show abstract

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of PM Ti-Si₃N₄Discontinuous Fibre Composite

Dougherty¹,

Xu²,

Hanizan³

2016

TMS 2016: 145^thAnnual Meeting &Amp; Exhibition: Supplemental Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The mechanism of grain refinement of titanium by silicon

Cited by 120 publications

References 33 publications

Microstructures and Grain Refinement of Additive-Manufactured Ti-xW Alloys

Microstructures and Grain Refinement of Additive-Manufactured Ti-xW Alloys

Grain Refinement of Aluminium Alloys: Recent Developments in Predicting the As‐Cast Grain Size of Alloys Refined by Al‐Ti‐B Master Alloys

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of PM Ti-Si₃N₄Discontinuous Fibre Composite

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The mechanism of grain refinement of titanium by silicon

Cited by 120 publications

References 33 publications

Microstructures and Grain Refinement of Additive-Manufactured Ti-xW Alloys

Microstructures and Grain Refinement of Additive-Manufactured Ti-xW Alloys

Grain Refinement of Aluminium Alloys: Recent Developments in Predicting the As‐Cast Grain Size of Alloys Refined by Al‐Ti‐B Master Alloys

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of PM Ti-Si3N4Discontinuous Fibre Composite

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of PM Ti-Si₃N₄Discontinuous Fibre Composite