The mechanism of epoxide oligomer hardening by diamines under advancing reaction front conditions

Davtyan, S. P.; Abutyunyan, Kh.A.; Шкадинский, К. Г.; Розенберг, Б. А.; Yenikolopyan, N.S.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(77)90217-9

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The overwhelming majority of work with TFP has been on free‐radical systems, but other chemistries can be used. Begishev et al14, 15 studied the frontal anionic polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactam, and epoxy chemistry has been used as well 16–20. Mariani et al21 demonstrated frontal ring‐opening metathesis polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherically propagating thermal polymerization fronts

Binici

Fortenberry

Leard

et al. 2006

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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We demonstrate for the first time spherically propagating frontal polymerization that also exhibits spin modes. We have developed an interesting system using the amine-catalyzed Michael addition of a trithiol to a triacrylate to create a rubbery gel. The gel suppresses convection and bubble formation during front propagation. A peroxide is also present to act as a thermal initiator. The front propagates via free-radical polymerization of the remaining triacrylate after being initiated photochemically in the center of the reactor. It is possible to prepare the rubbery gel in any shape and then initiate thermal frontal polymerization. So-called spin modes have been observed for the first time in spherically propagating fronts in which waves of polymerization propagate on the expanding spherical front. A system using a diacrylate dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide with added silica gel and with persulfate as the initiator supports spherical fronts but does not exhibit spin modes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherically propagating thermal polymerization fronts

Binici

Fortenberry

Leard

et al. 2006

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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“…This is called frontal polymerization, and there is an exhaustive review of this process by Pojman et al 19 There is a rich history of frontal polymerization, particularly from studies done by Chechilo et al [20][21][22][23] Apart from free-radical addition polymerizations, reactions fronts were also found for the curing of epoxy resins. [24][25][26][27][28][29] Pojman and co-workers have demonstrated frontal free-radical polymerizations using many high boiling point liquid monomers. 19,[30][31][32] They have also demonstrated propagating fronts through solid monomers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Period-doubling behavior in frontal polymerization of multifunctional acrylates

Masere

Stewart

Meehan

et al. 1999

Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science

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Front dynamics in the frontal polymerization of two multifunctional acrylate monomers, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TMPTA), with Lupersol 231 [1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane] as the initiator, are studied. In most frontal polymerization systems, the dynamics are associated with a planar front propagating through the sample. However, in some cases, front behavior can be altered: the front becomes nonplanar characterized by complex patterns like spin modes and pulsations. To determine how these periodic and aperiodic modes arise, reactant solutions consisting of HDDA diluted with diethyl phthalate (DEP) and TMPTA diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used in the study. In the study we reveal frontal behavior characteristic of period-doubling behavior, a doubling of spin heads that degenerate into an apparently chaotic mode. Also, a pulsating symmetric mode has been observed. These observations have a striking similarity to observations made in studies of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in which the addition of an inert diluent afforded a rich variety of dynamical behavior. The degree of cross-linking has also been found to be a bifurcation parameter. The energy of activation of multifunctional acrylate polymerization is a strong function of the degree of polymerization. By adding a monoacrylate (benzyl acrylate: BzAc), such that the front temperature was invariant, we observed a period-doubling bifurcation sequence through changes in the energy of activation, which has not been previously reported. (c) 1999 American Institute of Physics.

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“…Although most studies have focused on free‐radical chemistry, other reaction mechanisms can be used including urethane formation and ring‐open metathesis polymerization . FP has also been studied with epoxy‐amine systems by Arutiunian and coworkers and Surkov et al modeled the frontal curing velocity. Chekanov et al studied the frontal curing of epoxy resins with amines as did Mariani et al Chen et al obtained epoxy resins/polyurethane networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal cationic curing of epoxy resins in the presence of defoaming or expanding compounds

Scognamillo

Bounds

Thakuri

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Thermal frontal polymerization was carried out with trimethylol propane triglycidyl ether using two different BF 3 -amine complexes, B-950 and B-110 from Leepoxy, as initiators for cationic polymerization. The amounts of filler (kaolin or fumed silica), defoaming, or expansion agents were varied to study how the compositions affected the front velocity, expansion, and flexural modulus of the resulting epoxy resins. The polymer produced with B-950 initiator showed higher modulus than the polymers produced with B-110. Moreover, fumed silica created stronger materials than kaolin. The presence of BYK as a defoamer or an expansion agent such as the Expancel #80 was also able to affect significantly the mechanical properties. differential scanning calorimetry studies indicated that the conversion was complete and that kaolin and silica increased the rate of reaction. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40339.

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The mechanism of epoxide oligomer hardening by diamines under advancing reaction front conditions

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Spherically propagating thermal polymerization fronts

Spherically propagating thermal polymerization fronts

Period-doubling behavior in frontal polymerization of multifunctional acrylates

Frontal cationic curing of epoxy resins in the presence of defoaming or expanding compounds

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