The mechanism of effect of growth hormone on preadipocyte and adipocyte function

Abstract

Growth hormone (GH) is not only the major regulator of postnatal somatic growth but also exerts profound effects on body composition through a combination of anabolic, lipolytic and antinatriuretic actions. GH enhancement of the lipolytic activity of adipose tissue in combination with a reduction of triglyceride accumulation via inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity appears to be the major mechanism by which GH results in a reduction of the total fat mass. Recently, much progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanism by which GH affects cellular function. This review provides a brief discourse and summary of the mechanism of effects of GH on preadipocyte/adipocyte function. It is intended to provide a functional understanding of the mechanism of action of GH as it relates to adipogenesis and adipocyte function.

Effect of a C/EBP gene replacement on mitochondrial biogenesis in fat cells

“…3C), which could be associated with the effect of the increased expression of G␣ s on adenylyl cyclase (AC) catalyzing the formation of cAMP (Gilman 1987). Whereas the IR-, ␤-AR-, and GHR-mediated regulatory networks all play an important role in regulating lipid storage in fat cells by affecting their lipolysis and/or lipogenesis, the G␣ s -coupled ␤-AR pathway has well-documented thermogenic effects through the action of UCP1 (Nam and Lobie 2000;Saltiel and Kahn 2001;Arch 2002;Lowell and Bachman 2003). To determine whether the elevated levels of G␣ s and its associated cAMP are involved in preventing lipid accumulation in ␤/␤ cells, we used an inhibitor of AC, 9-cyclopentyl adenine (9-CP-Ade), to suppress the AC regulatory pathway in the lipid-rich ␤/␤ cells.…”

RhoA/ROCK Activation by Growth Hormone Abrogates p300/Histone Deacetylase 6 Repression of Stat5-mediated Transcription

“…PKA Inhibits GH-stimulated, Stat5-mediated Transcription through Inactivation of RhoA-GH has been reported to stimulate CREB phosphorylation and CREB-mediated transcription during adipocytic differentiation (43,44). In addition, PKA/CREB has been observed previously (45) to modulate Stat5-mediated transcription in erythroid cells.…”

Growth hormone and growth hormone gene of the American mink (Neovison vison) – the current state of knowledge of one of the key hormones in one of the most intensively economically exploited species

“…GH also causes the reduction of cholesterol concentration in the plasma, stimulates the conversion of fatty acids to acetyl coenzyme A, exhibits ketogenic effects, leading to the increase of the ketone bodies concentration in the blood (ketosis) and their increased excretion in the urine (Manson, Wilmore, 1986;Møller et al, 1990;Nam et al, 2001;Møller et al, 2007;Vijayakumar et al, 2010;Palakawong, Arakaki, 2012). Somatotropin also conditions the proper differentiation and maturation of adipocytes (Nam, Lobie, 2000;Farnier et al, 2003).…”