The Mechanism of Death From Intracardic Air and Its Reversibility*

Geoghegan, Thomas; Lam, Conrad R.

doi:10.1097/00000658-195309000-00008

Cited by 66 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Air emboli always remained in the arterial circulation until complete absorption, although they would occasionally dislodge and flow downstream. Transcapillary bubble passage has been reported (13,26); however, we did not observe bubbles lodged in the venous circulation. This is because, at volumes small enough to fit into the capillaries, bubbles collapsed at a rate faster than they could physically move to the venules.…”

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confidence: 77%

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Theoretical and experimental intravascular gas embolism absorption dynamics

Branger

Eckmann

1999

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Multifocal cerebrovascular gas embolism occurs frequently during cardiopulmonary bypass and is thought to cause postoperative neurological dysfunction in large numbers of patients. We developed a mathematical model to predict the absorption time of intravascular gas embolism, accounting for the bubble geometry observed in vivo. We modeled bubbles as cylinders with hemispherical end caps and solved the resulting governing gas transport equations numerically. We validated the model using data obtained from video-microscopy measurements of bubbles in the intact cremaster microcirculation of anesthetized male Wistar rats. The theoretical model with the use of in vivo geometry closely predicted actual absorption times for experimental intravascular gas embolisms and was more accurate than a model based on spherical shape. We computed absorption times for cerebrovascular gas embolism assuming a range of bubble geometries, initial volumes, and parameters relevant to brain blood flow. Results of the simulations demonstrated absorption time maxima and minima based on initial geometry, with several configurations taking as much as 50% longer to be absorbed than would a comparable spherical bubble.

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confidence: 77%

“…ϩ ͱ2␤ 4 (13) With the use of the fourth-order Runga-Kutta method, Eq. 13 was also solved numerically with Fortran.…”

Section: Intravascular Gas Embolism Absorption Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and experimental intravascular gas embolism absorption dynamics

Branger

Eckmann

1999

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Neurological manifestations during an episode of massive VAE in patients with PFO are most likely related to central nervous system ischemia due to cardiovascular collapse, and are less commonly a result of arterialized air migrating up to the carotid and vertebral arteries [54]. A variety of symptoms have been described, ranging from mild headache to hemiparesis, coma [55], and temporary blindness [56]; urgent hyperbaric O 2 is currently accepted therapy for cerebral gas embolism [57][58][59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air embolism during operative hysteroscopy: TEE-guided resuscitation

Sabsovich

Abel

Lee

et al. 2012

Journal of Clinical Anesthesia

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“…Paradoxical arterial embolism may occur, due to intracardiac shunts or transpulmonary passage of the bubbles [15,20]. Subsequent compromise of the coronary blood flow is presumed to be the cause of death, either from intracardiac gas or from pulmonary vascular obstruction leading to reduced blood flow from the right to the left heart [5,21]. In addition to their mechanical effects, gas bubbles can also cause biophysical effects at the bloodbubble interface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%