The Mechanism of Coke Formation on Catalysts

Beuther, H.; Larson, O.A.; Perrotta, A. J.

doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(08)65236-2

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Additionally, in spent catalysts coke deposition causes the creation of small pores which may be the consequence of narrowing of midsize and big pores by the deposition of metals and coke in the pore walls. This behavior has been previously reported [37,38]. Besides, a contribution of micropores inherent to the coke is possible.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Catalyst deactivation pattern along a residue hydrotreating bench-scale reactor

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Catalyst deactivation pattern along a residue hydrotreating bench-scale reactor

et al. 2014

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“…For example, coke deposits occurring in hydrodesulfurization of residuum have been classified into three types [84]: (1) Type I deposits are reversibly adsorbed normal aromatics deposited during the first part of the cycle at low temperature. (2) Type II deposits are reversibly adsorbed asphaltenes deposited early in the coking process.…”

Section: Coke Formation On Metal Oxide and Sulfide Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This crystalline phase is formed after long reaction times at high temperature. This hardened coke causes severe deactivation of the catalyst [84]. In addition to hydrocarbon structure and reaction conditions, extent and rate of coke formation are also a function of the acidity and pore structure of the catalyst.…”

Section: Coke Formation On Metal Oxide and Sulfide Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration: A Review

2015

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Deactivation of heterogeneous catalysts is a ubiquitous problem that causes loss of catalytic rate with time. This review on deactivation and regeneration of heterogeneous catalysts classifies deactivation by type (chemical, thermal, and mechanical) and by mechanism (poisoning, fouling, thermal degradation, vapor formation, vapor-solid and solid-solid reactions, and attrition/crushing). The key features and considerations for each of these deactivation types is reviewed in detail with reference to the latest literature reports in these areas. Two case studies on the deactivation mechanisms of catalysts used for cobalt Fischer-Tropsch and selective catalytic reduction are considered to provide additional depth in the topics of sintering, coking, poisoning, and fouling. Regeneration considerations and options are also briefly discussed for each deactivation mechanism.

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“…This indicates that coke deposition block the pore mouth to small pores [16,23]. Pore volume loss data in Table 3 indicate that the volume of pore in <10 nm size and pores in 10-20 nm size are easily affected while the macro pore volume changes little [37][38][39], resulting in a larger average pore diameter of spent catalysts compared to the fresh ones [23,40]. Isaza et al reported that small pores were blocked and some of large pores were partially blocked under the reaction conditions [15].…”

Section: Characterization Of Fresh Spent and Regenerated Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%