The Mechanism of Catalytic Hydrocracking

Flinn, Richard Aloysius; Larson, O.A.; Beuther, H.

doi:10.1021/ie50602a034

Cited by 67 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2, it is evident that virtually all of the quinoline reacted is converted to 1,2,3,4- where M is the compo~ent concentration, mole fraction, and the subscripts A, B, C, and D designate quinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, o-propylaniline, and ammonia, respectively. The approach of quasi-stationary concentrations (steady state) is used to calculate k,, whereby the term dMc/dt in [3] is set equal to zero at a definite reaction time, t,,,, where tmaX is the reaction period at which o-propylaniline is of maximum concentration. From Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under hydrotreating conditions, HDN is much more difficult than hydrodesulfurization (1,2). For high HDN levels, high hydrogen pressures are employed (3,4). Temperatures above 400 "C are undesirable in hydrotreating since they enhance hydrocracking reactions that result in lower liquid yields, higher hydrogen consumption, and lower viscosity of lubricating oil stocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Kinetics of Quinoline Hydrodenitrogenation through Reaction Intermediate Products

Aboul-Gheit¹

1975

Can. J. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AHMED KADRY ABOUL-GHEIT. Can. J. Chem. 53, 2575Chem. 53, (1975. Under petroleum hydrotreating conditions and in the presence of a Co-Mo-alumina catalyst, quinoline is hydrodenitrogenated through a consecutive first order reaction involving a hydrogenation step followed by two hydrocracking steps. The first step is too fast to measure whereas the second step is the slowest. The ratio of the rate constants of the second to the third step ranges between 0.33 and 0.62 at reaction temperatures between 350 and 400°C. The second step can be considered responsible for the relatively high activation energy and enthalpy values obtained for the overall reaction. The activation entropy obtained for the overall reaction is -38.2 e.u. mol-', while the second and the third steps have values of -43.9 and -58.0 e.u. mol-', respectively. These values indicate the progressive complexity of the steps involved in the reaction sequence as it proceeds towards ammonia production.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kinetics of Quinoline Hydrodenitrogenation through Reaction Intermediate Products

Aboul-Gheit¹

1975

Can. J. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such reaction conditions are suitable for studying hydroconversions of model alkanes and to disentangle the underlying reaction mechanisms and kinetics [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Recently, some of us reported that in hydroconversions of alkane mixtures on Pt/US-Y zeolite, the molecular competitions in the liquid phase are very different from those in the vapor phase [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-pressure liquid phase hydroconversion of heptane/nonane mixtures on Pt/H-Y zeolite catalyst

Denayer

2003

Journal of Catalysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The competitive hydroconversion of heptane and nonane molecules in their mixture was studied in a continuous flow, fixed-bed reactor filled with Pt/HY zeolite catalyst. Liquid-phase reaction conditions were established at reaction temperatures of 230, 250, and 270 • C by pressurizing the reactor at 100 bar. Hydrogen was supplied in an absorbed state with the liquid hydrocarbon feed. Under these liquidphase reaction conditions, the apparent reaction rates of heptane and nonane were almost identical. In a similar experiment under vaporphase conditions, nonane was much more reactive than heptane. The conversion data under liquid-phase conditions were analyzed with an adsorption-reaction model based on intrinsic kinetic parameters obtained from vapor-phase experiments. The model revealed that the enhanced reactivity of heptane in the liquid phase was due to its preferential adsorption. Simulation of the adsorption of the heptane/nonane mixture in the pores of zeolite Y with the configurational-bias Monte Carlo method confirmed the preferential adsorption of heptane in zeolite Y at high pressure. Under such conditions, in zeolite Y supercages the packing of the smaller heptane molecules is more favorable than that of the larger nonane molecules.

show abstract

“…The fact that some of the sulfur is less reactive than the nitrogen suggests that sulfur may be concentrated in the higher molecular weight portions of the PR Spring heavy oil to a greater degree than nitrogen. Heteroatom reactivity is inversely proportional to the molecular weight of the oil (247,253). Because of the relationship between molecular weight and heteroatom reactivity when sulfur is concentrated in the high molecular weight fractions to a greater degree than nitrogen, then some of the sulfur will be less reactive than the nitrogen.…”

Section: Effect Of Lhsvmentioning

confidence: 99%