The Mechanics of the Foot, Iv.

Hicks, J.H.

doi:10.1159/000141121

Cited by 81 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…This theory was refuted by Basmajian et al, whose electromyographic studies of the muscles of the foot and ankle [22,23] showed that the height of the longitudinal arch is determined by features of the bone-ligament complex, and that the muscles maintain balance, accommodate the foot to uneven terrain, protect the ligaments from unusual stresses, and propel the body forward. Proponents of this bone-ligament theory believe that the shape of the longitudinal arch under static loads is determined by the shape and interrelationship of the bones, coupled with the strength and flexibility of the ligaments [1,15,22,[24][25][26][27][28]. It is unproven whether the abnormal shape of individual bones and joints represents a primary or secondary reflection of a long-standing flatfoot, though most current authors conclude that excessive ligamentous laxity is the primary abnormality.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible flatfoot in children and adolescents

Mosca

2010

Journal of Children's Orthopaedics

259

229

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Flexible flatfoot is a normal foot shape that is present in most infants and many adults. The arch elevates spontaneously in most children during the first decade of life. There is no evidence that a longitudinal arch can be created in a child's foot by any external forces or devices. Flexible flatfoot with a short Achilles tendon, in contrast to simple flexible flatfoot, is known to cause pain and disability in some adolescents and adults. Joint-preserving, deformity-correcting surgery is indicated in flexible flatfeet with short Achilles tendons when conservative measurements fail to relieve pain under the head of the plantar flexed talus or in the sinus tarsi area. Osteotomy is the fundamental and central procedure of choice. In almost all cases, Achilles tendon lengthening is required. In some cases, rigid supination deformity of the forefoot is present, requiring identification and concurrent treatment.

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible flatfoot in children and adolescents

Mosca

2010

Journal of Children's Orthopaedics

259

229

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“…DONITZ (1903), has stated that the movement is a single hinge movement rotating about a line passing obliquely from the dorso-medial side of the foot, plantarward, posteriorly and laterally to emerge at the lateral side of the heel. Thus, the subtalar joint, as has been noted by WILES (1934), JONES (1945) andHICKS (1953), provides for the rotation between the foot and the leg. In the squatting posture, the talus is tightly embraced by the medial and lateral malleoli, the extreme dorsiflexion (with slight abduction and eversion) of the talo-crural joint allowing of this.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…With regard to the subtalar joint movement, modifying HICKS (1953), such a compound name as eversion-abduction-dorsiflexion or inversion-adduction-plantarflexion was used for the rotation about its oblique axis. Here the eversien or inversion was the meaning of rotation about an anterior-posterior axis, the abduction or ad duction was that of rotation about a vertical axis, and the dorsiflexion or plantarflexion was that of rotation about a transverse axis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Squatting Posture on the Calcaneus in the Japanese

Morimto

1960

Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon

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“…The sole of their foot was positioned so contact was maintained with a translucent Plexiglas foot plate throughout testing. The axis of rotation of the device was then adjusted in the antero-posterior and superior/inferior directions to approximate the ankle axis of rotation determined by palpation of the distal tips of the medial and lateral malleoli [24]. Torques of 15, 20 and 25 N m was applied using a hand held force gauge and resultant angular kinematics were measured using a digital inclinometer.…”

Section: Passive Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ankle ROM and stiffness measured at rest and during gait in individuals with and without diabetic sensory neuropathy

2006

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Introduction-The purpose of our study was to examine the relationship between ankle dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) and stiffness measured at rest (passively) and plantar loading during gait in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) and sensory neuropathy. Specifically, we sought to address three questions for this at-risk patient population: (1) Does peak passive DF ROM predict ankle DF ROM used during gait? (2) Does passive ankle stiffness predict ankle stiffness used during gait? (3) Are any of the passive or gait-related ankle measures associated with plantar loading?Methods-Ten subjects with DM and 10 age and gender matched non-diabetic control subjects participated in this study. Passive ankle DF ROM and stiffness were measured with the Iowa Ankle ROM device. Kinematic, kinetic and plantar pressure data were collected as subjects walked at 0.89 m/s.Results-We found that subjects with DM have reduced passive ankle DF ROM and increased stiffness compared to non-diabetic control subjects, however, subjects with DM demonstrated ankle motion, stiffness and plantar pressures, similar to control subjects, while walking at the identical speed, 0.89 m/s (2 mph). These data indicate that clinical measures of heel cord tightness and stiffness do not represent ankle motion or stiffness utilized during gait. Our findings suggest that subjects with DM utilize strategies such as shortening their stride length and reducing their push-off power to modulate plantar loading.

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The Mechanics of the Foot, Iv.

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

Flexible flatfoot in children and adolescents

Flexible flatfoot in children and adolescents

The Influence of Squatting Posture on the Calcaneus in the Japanese

Ankle ROM and stiffness measured at rest and during gait in individuals with and without diabetic sensory neuropathy

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