The Mechanical Properties of a Porous Ceramic Derived from a 30 nm Sized Particle Based Powder of Hydroxyapatite for Potential Hard Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

In this paper, synthesised nanometre sized hydro xyapatite (nano-HAP) powders co mposed of spherical 30 ± 5 nm part icles were co mpacted and sintered at temperatures ranging from 650 to 1250℃ to form ceramics of varying porosity and mechanical strength. The size, crystalline structure and morphology of both the synthesised nano-HAP particle powders and the compacted and sintered ceramics were investigated using both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Fu rther characterisation techniques such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) particle surface area, porosity, bulk density, Vickers hardness and yield strength at various sintering temperatures were tested on sintered pellets and evaluated.

Synthesis and Characterization of Sintered Sr/Fe-Modified Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

“…A test load of 0.5 kg was applied on each sample for a fixed dwell time of 12 s prior to the disconnection of indenter, leaving behind an indentation with square shape on the surface of the tested sample. The experimental procedure was carried out following the instructions described in ASTM E384, and the hardness ( H v ) values for various inspected samples were calculated using the following eq where A is the contact area of the indenter to the specimen and is also known as the constant of the Vickers pyramid geometry (i.e., 1.854). The indentation diagonal length d was resolute optically from the microscope equipped with the instrument, and its mean value was used for the calculation of the Vickers hardness.…”

“…The issue can be addressed to some extent through sintering of HAp together with the cellular materials for improved biocompatibility in the development of soft tissues such as skin, gums, and muscle. 3,4 These auspicious tissues reciprocate that the synthetic HAp could be a potential candidate for large-scale hard tissue engineering applications such as a filling material and coating on metal composite implants in both teeth and bone surgical procedures. 3,5,6 Another useful technique is isomorphic doping or substitution.…”

“…3,4 These auspicious tissues reciprocate that the synthetic HAp could be a potential candidate for large-scale hard tissue engineering applications such as a filling material and coating on metal composite implants in both teeth and bone surgical procedures. 3,5,6 Another useful technique is isomorphic doping or substitution. Cations (Fe 3+ , Eu 3+ , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , etc.)…”

“…However, the poor mechanical and functional properties of HAp limit its applications toward the load-bearing side. , To this end, an interest in the material characteristics of sintered HAp is fueled by its applications in the structural bioimplants to replace the injured and unhealthy bones. The issue can be addressed to some extent through sintering of HAp together with the cellular materials for improved biocompatibility in the development of soft tissues such as skin, gums, and muscle. , These auspicious tissues reciprocate that the synthetic HAp could be a potential candidate for large-scale hard tissue engineering applications such as a filling material and coating on metal composite implants in both teeth and bone surgical procedures. ,, Another useful technique is isomorphic doping or substitution. Cations (Fe 3+ , Eu 3+ , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , etc.)…”

“…48 The yield strength (Y) values of the sintered specimens in the current investigation showed a maximum value of 1412 ± 18 MPa for the Sr10:HAp group. After calcination, the Sr10:HAp sample showed a maximum density of 2.892 ± 0.034 g/cm 3 , and the H v and yield strength showed a linear trend with the density of the samples. The density of the apatite material is inversely related to porosity (Table 4), which ultimately alters the mechanical properties.…”