The mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms of an epoxy polymer modified with polysiloxane-based core-shell particles

Chen, Jiye; Kinloch, A. J.; Sprenger, Stephan; Taylor, A. C.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.009

Cited by 201 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The CSR particles consisted of a polysiloxane core with a glass transition temperature of approximately -100°C. The shell of the particles consisted of a very thin skin of epoxy-functional molecules grafted onto the core [18,36]. The CSR particles have a lognormal distribution with a mean particle diameter of 160 nm and a standard deviation of ±80 nm.…”

Section: Resins and Nanomodifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both phase-separating reactive liquid rubbers [4,15] and preformed core-shell rubber (CSR) particles have been used [16][17][18][19][20]. The toughening mechanisms in both cases have been previously identified as a combination of (a) plastic shearbanding in the epoxy polymer, and (b) particle cavitation and subsequent plastic void growth of the epoxy polymer [4,5,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally the glass transition temperature, T g , of the epoxy polymer can be significantly reduced if any of the added rubber does not phase-separate, thereby effectively plasticising the epoxy [23]. In contrast, the T g of the epoxy polymer is unaffected by the presence of the preformed CSR particles [18]. However, while the addition of rubber particles to epoxy polymers may dramatically increase their toughness, it does result in a reduction in the Young's modulus and yield strength of the epoxy due to the relatively low modulus and strength of the rubber [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toughened carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites with nanoparticle-modified epoxy matrices

et al. 2016

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In the current work, the microstructure and fracture performance of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites based upon matrices of an anhydride-cured epoxy resin (formulated with a reactive diluent), and containing silica nanoparticles and/or polysiloxane core-shell rubber (CSR) nanoparticles, were investigated. Double cantilever beam tests were performed in order to determine the interlaminar fracture energy of the CFRP composites, while the single-edge-notched bend specimen was employed to evaluate the fracture energy of the bulk polymers. The fracture energy of the bulk epoxy polymers increased from 173 J/m 2 for the unmodified polymer to a maximum of 1237 J/ m 2 with the addition of 16 wt% of CSR nanoparticles. The toughening mechanisms were identified as (a) localised plastic shear yielding and (b) cavitation of the CSR particles followed by plastic void growth of the matrix. The steady-state propagation value of the interlaminar fracture energy of the CFRP composites increased with increasing nanoparticle concentration, from 1246 J/m 2 for the unmodified epoxy matrix to a maximum of 1851 J/m 2 with 4 wt% of silica nanoparticles and 8 wt% of CSR nanoparticles. Crack growth in the CFRP composites was dominated by fibre-bridging toughening mechanisms. The efficiency of the transfer of toughness from the bulk polymers to the carbon fibre composites was considered. The measured fracture energy of both bulk and composite materials decreased at a test temperature of -80°C, compared with room temperature, i.e. 20°C. Nevertheless, the toughening effects of both the silica and CSR nanoparticles on the bulk epoxy polymers and the CFRP composites, compared with the unmodified epoxy polymers, were still evident even at the lower temperature. Indeed, the toughening effect of the silica nanoparticles was greater at -80°C than at room temperature.

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Section: Resins and Nanomodifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toughened carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites with nanoparticle-modified epoxy matrices

et al. 2016

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“…Further, Giannakopoulos et al [46] and Chen et al [47] have also applied these models to epoxy polymers toughened using core-shell rubbers.…”

Section: Results and Discussion: Modelling Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From matrix nano- and micro-phase tougheners to composite macro-properties

Kinloch

Taylor

Techapaitoon

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Media SummaryThe properties of natural-fibre reinforced-plastic (NFRP) composites based upon epoxy polymer matrices containing silica nanoparticles and rubber microparticles have been studied using (a) unidirectional flax-fibres or (b) regeneratedcellulose fibres in the architecture of a plain-woven fabric. They were manufactured using a low-cost resin-infusion method. The values of toughness of the NFRP composites were remarkably high, being typically about 75% higher than for the corresponding, traditional, glass-fibre composites. The reasons for the very good performance of the NFRPs were identified and a quantitative model developed. AbstractIn the present paper the morphology and toughness of a range of bulk epoxy polymers, which incorporate a second-phase of well dispersed silica nanoparticles and/or rubber microparticles, have been determined. Secondly, the macro-properties of natural-fibre reinforced-plastic (NFRP) composites based upon these epoxy polymers have been ascertained, using (a) unidirectional flax-fibres or (b) regenerated-cellulose fibres in the architecture of a plain-woven fabric. Thirdly, the toughening mechanisms which are induced in these materials by the presence of the silica nanoparticles, the rubber microparticles and the natural fibres have been identified. Finally, the values of the toughness of the bulk epoxy polymers and corresponding NFRPs have been quantitatively modelled. The increased toughness recorded for the bulk epoxy polymer due to the presence of the silica nanoparticles and/or rubber microparticles was indeed typically transferred to the NFRP composites when using such epoxies as the matrices for the fibres. Thus, the important role that may be played by modifications to the epoxy matrices in order to increase the toughness of the composites was very clearly demonstrated by these results. However, notwithstanding, the toughening mechanisms induced by the fibres were essentially responsible for the very high toughnesses of the NFRP composites, compared with the bulk epoxy polymers. The modelling studies successfully predicted the values of toughness of the bulk epoxy polymers and of the NFRP composites. These studies also quantified the extent to which each toughening mechanism, induced by the second-phase nano-and micro-particles and the natural fibres, contributed to the overall values of toughness of the materials. Keywords:Fracture; Modelling; Nanocomposites; Natural-fibre Composites IntroductionHigh-performance polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) typically employ epoxy resins as the matrix for continuous fibres. When cured, epoxy resins are highly-crosslinked thermosetting polymers which exhibit good elevated temperature resistance and low creep. However, their high crosslink density causes them to have a poor resistance to the initiation and growth of cracks. The addition of a second-phase, which is well dispersed, can significantly increase the toughness of thermoset polymers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Thus, to achieve a relatively tough epoxy-polymer matrix, an ...

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“…Shi and Gardner model, was used to predict the water absorption rate of the nine sample groups as a function of time. The average value of the water absorption and thickness swell of the three samples in each of the group yielded the needed results [14] [15].…”

Section: Water Resistance and Thickness Swelling Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Particle-Recycled Glass Fiber Hybrid Composites

Oluwabunmi¹,

Smith²

2017

OJCM

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This study was done with the aim of assessing the feasibility of mechanically recycled glass fiber particleboards made from (loblolly pine and longleaf pine) wood particles with epoxy as binder. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were evaluated as indicators of mechanical performance. The water absorption rate and thickness swelling rate were also analyzed to investigate the physical performance of the board. An increase of over 80% in MOE values was obtained for the boards with 10 wt% glass fiber inclusion. For the MOR values, there was an increase of over 84.4% in both densities and glass fiber inclusions of all the board densities. However, there was a decrease in MOE when 30 wt% glass fibers were incorporated into boards with density of 500 kg/m 3 and 700 kg/m 3 . A r-squared value of 0.869 supported the obtained result that the correlation between water absorption rate and thickness swelling rate was a function of the density of the composites.

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The mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms of an epoxy polymer modified with polysiloxane-based core-shell particles

Abstract: 03/02/14 meb. OA paper, OK to publish

Cited by 201 publications

References 36 publications

Toughened carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites with nanoparticle-modified epoxy matrices

Toughened carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites with nanoparticle-modified epoxy matrices

From matrix nano- and micro-phase tougheners to composite macro-properties

Wood Particle-Recycled Glass Fiber Hybrid Composites

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