The mechanical coupling of lung ventilation to locomotion in the horse

Attenburrow, D. P.; Goss, V.A.

doi:10.1016/1350-4533(94)90037-x

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…RR is entrained to stride frequency during the gallop, phenomenon known as locomotory-respiratory coupling (Attenburrow and Goss 1994). A positive correlation between height at the withers and stride length has been described previously (Galisteo et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Comparative ergoespirometric adaptations to a treadmill exercise test in untrained show Andalusian and Arabian horses

et al. 2011

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Significant differences exist in the respiratory adaptation to exercise in different equine breeds. This research describes the ergoespirometric response to exercise of Andalusian (AN) and Arabian (A) horses, both selected according to morphological criteria. Thirteen untrained male horses (6 AN and 7 A) performed a treadmill exercise test (TET) with a slope of 6%, with workloads starting from 5 m/s and increasing 1 m/s every 3 min until the horses were not able to keep the required velocity. Tidal volume (TV), respiratory rate, minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), exercise time to fatigue (ETF) and respiratory aerobic threshold (RAT) were determined. AN horses presented higher TV and VE, whereas respiratory rate, VO2 and VCO2 were lower at the same velocities. RER was similar between breeds. ETF was longer in A horses (556.7 ± 66.5 in AN vs. 607.1 ± 71.1 s in A) and no significant differences were found in RAT (5.50 ± 0.50 in AN vs. 5.86 ± 1.07 m/s in A). In summary, despite the more intense ventilatory response to exercise at the same velocity, AN horses had lower VO2. The AN horse develops a more intense ventilatory response to fixed velocities than the A horse and it could be interesting to clarify the role of the locomotion characteristics in this response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Comparative ergoespirometric adaptations to a treadmill exercise test in untrained show Andalusian and Arabian horses

et al. 2011

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“…The model explains how axial movements can be coordinated with limb movements to enable the pelvic viscera to act, via inertia, as a piston on the diaphragm to time inhalation and exhalation (Bramble, 1989). In support of this model, subsequent experimental work (Attenburrow and Goss, 1994) demonstrates that the primary factor coupling equine breathing to locomotion is the degree of abdominal muscular contraction to alter intra-abdominal pressure. Other experiments with trotting dogs, however, indicate that the vertical and horizontal trunk movements produce elliptical, rather than linear, visceral movements, resulting in a more complicated respiratory-locomotor coupling than predicted by the piston-like LRC model (Bramble and Jenkins, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Stabilization and mobility of the head, neck and trunk in horses during overground locomotion: comparisons with humans and other primates

Dunbar

Macpherson

Simmons

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Segmental kinematics were investigated in horses during overground locomotion and compared with published reports on humans and other primates to determine the impact of a large neck on rotational mobility (>20 deg.) and stability (≤20 deg.) of the head and trunk. Three adult horses (Equus caballus) performing walks, trots and canters were videotaped in lateral view. Data analysis included locomotor velocity, segmental positions, pitch and linear displacements and velocities, and head displacement frequencies. Equine, human and monkey skulls and cervical spines were measured to estimate eye and vestibular arc length during head pitch displacements. Horses stabilized all three segments in all planes during all three gaits, unlike monkeys and humans who make large head pitch and yaw rotations during walks,and monkeys that make large trunk pitch rotations during gallops. Equine head angular displacements and velocities, with some exceptions during walks, were smaller than in humans and other primates. Nevertheless, owing to greater off-axis distances, orbital and vestibular arc lengths remained larger in horses, with the exception of head–neck axial pitch during trots, in which equine arc lengths were smaller than in running humans. Unlike monkeys and humans, equine head peak-frequency ranges fell within the estimated range in which inertia has a compensatory stabilizing effect. This inertial effect was typically over-ridden, however, by muscular or ligamentous intervention. Thus, equine head pitch was not consistently compensatory, as reported in humans. The equine neck isolated the head from the trunk enabling both segments to provide a spatial reference frame.

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“…Young et al (1992) rejected thoracic loading and the action of a visceral piston as being likely to contribute to driving ventilation, but concluded that back flexion could result in a large enough movement of the pelvis in a craniodorsal direction to account for expiratory tidal volume. This would also be aided by contraction of abdominal muscles (Attenburrow and Goss 1994). In fact, Attenburrow and Goss (1994) concluded that respiratory locomotory coupling was effectively achieved by the action of the abdominal muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movements of thoracic and abdominal compartments during ventilation at rest and during exercise

Marlin

Schroter

Cashman

et al. 2002

Equine Veterinary Journal

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The present investigation utilised simultaneous measurements of chest (Ch) and abdominal (Ab) circumferences and respiratory airflow to test the hypothesis that Ch circumferential expansion contributes proportionally little to tidal volume in the running Thoroughbred. During exercise, there were only small changes in Ch and Ab circumference and no increase with increasing tidal volume. At rest, walk and trot, the flow, Ch and Ab signals were in phase. However, during canter and gallop, the Ch and Ab changes were 180 degrees out of phase with each other and both were out of phase with airflow. In contrast to exercise, increase in ventilation at rest achieved by administration of lobeline resulted in a 4-6-fold increase in tidal volume; large excursions of the chest were always in phase with airflow. Furthermore, 3 horses showed an increase in chest circumference, demonstrating that chest stiffness per se does not preclude chest circumferential expansion. In conclusion, in the absence of significant increases in either Ch or Ab expansion during running, elongation of the thoracoabdominal segment may be the main determinant of tidal volume.

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The mechanical coupling of lung ventilation to locomotion in the horse

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Comparative ergoespirometric adaptations to a treadmill exercise test in untrained show Andalusian and Arabian horses

Comparative ergoespirometric adaptations to a treadmill exercise test in untrained show Andalusian and Arabian horses

Stabilization and mobility of the head, neck and trunk in horses during overground locomotion: comparisons with humans and other primates

Movements of thoracic and abdominal compartments during ventilation at rest and during exercise

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