The mechanical behavior of GLARE laminates for aircraft structures

Wu, Guocai; Yang, Jenn‐Ming

doi:10.1007/s11837-005-0067-4

Cited by 284 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As special sandwich structures, fiber-metal laminates (FML) are layered materials based on stacked arrangements of FRP layers such as glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin and thin metal sheets such as aluminium or titanium alloys. 19,20 Compared to the monomaterials used, Al and FRP-FML show an improved behavior. 21,22 They exhibit excellent fatigue and high-specific-static properties as well as an improved impact resistance, flame resistance and ease of manufacture and repair.…”

Section: Industrial Sandwichesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-layered sandwich material for lightweight applications

Palkowski

Carradò

2014

Emerging Materials Research

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Multifunctionality and the demand for improving the properties of construction materials make it necessary to leave the approach of monomaterials and combine them to fabricate composite structures, such as combinations of metals with polymers. This article focuses on metal-polymer-metal sandwich sheets. Bonding is improved using adhesive layers. These sandwich sheets are designed for their mechanical and thermal properties, working capacity and so on. A short background of composites structures, to be used in the automotive and aerospace industry, is presented. Moreover, fabricating processes and forming methods for composites are briefly introduced. Finally, a study of 316L/polypropylene/316L sandwich sheets, manufactured in a roll-bonding process and heating press process, is introduced. Their mechanical behavior and formability by deep drawing are discussed. IntroductionAspects of environmental protection and recycling are becoming more and more important in our society and are the driving forces for development, especially in the area of aviation as well as automotive and transport. To fulfill the rising demands, ecological standards for new products can be a solution -for example, taking factors such as saving resources, sustainability and recycling as well as functionality, design and others into consideration. Novel materials with new and improved functions engender a high interest in the industrial community.Monomaterials of metals, ceramics or polymers cannot fulfill all the technological requirements for a variety of industrial applications. The activities in physics and chemistry as well as engineering are leading to materials with superior properties -often by combining monomaterials to hybrids. 1 Some industrially applied composite materials can be classified as follows: Sandwich composites are understood to be multilayered structures. By using these combinations, it is possible to 'tailor' the properties of special components by choosing the accurate combination of monomaterials, thus providing functionality to fulfill the qualified demands on modern materials and structures. 7 As defined by Zenkert, 8 they are a combination of materials with minimum one of higher strength to create a composite with selected lightweight properties. They are represented, principally, by fundamental patterns of two skin sheets, which are thin but of high strength and stiffness. These skins include a relatively thick, low-density core. These sandwich composites are widely used for engineering applications because of the extremely high stiffness-to-mass ratio.Sandwich materials can be formed with numerous skin (e.g. steel, aluminum alloy sheets etc.) and core materials (polymer foils or fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP), with polymer layers being homogenous or structured), and they are often bonded together using an adhesive agent. Because of being quite simple to manufacture using lamination, roll-bonding or heat-press joining processes as sketched in Figure 1, they exhibit a great potential for future use. 9,10 Moreove...

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Section: Industrial Sandwichesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-layered sandwich material for lightweight applications

Palkowski

Carradò

2014

Emerging Materials Research

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“…Fatigue tests and fatigue modeling on fiber reinforced composites for wind blades are normally up to a few million cycles. A typical fibermetal laminate such as GLARE was developed about thirty years ago and successfully applied in the fuselage skin for Airbus 380 [8] due to its low specific weight and high fatigue strength compared with pure alloy materials [9]. The main reason of the high fatigue probability for GLARE is the fiber bridging effect to restraint the crack tip opening at the aluminum layers to reduce the stress intensity factor and decrease the crack growth rate [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue in Fiber-Metal Laminates for Small Wind Turbine Blades Application

Sai

Chai

2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. A methodology to study the fatigue of a wind turbine blade in a 10KW small wind turbine is proposed in this paper. Two working conditions (namely normal fatigue operation condition and extreme wind condition) are considered based on IEC61400-2. The maximum load calculated from both cases were used as a reference to perform material sample fatigue study. Fiber-metal laminate -GLARE 3/2 with a centre 1mm notch on the external aluminium layers was modelled based on fracture mechanics approach to calculate the stress intensity factor and fatigue crack growth rate at maximum applied stress of 240Mpa. GLARE panel fabrication and tensile tests were included. The fatigue tests were performed on unnotched samples with stress range from 80Mpa to 300Mpa and plotted into S-N curve.

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“…Incorporating composite layers into a metal sheets system greatly enhances the overall performance of the FML which combines the advantages of both conventional composites and metals. In previous studies, FML has been proved to have many excellent mechanical properties such as outstanding fatigue resistance, high specific static properties, superior impact resistance, good residual and blunt notch strength, better bearing strength, fire resistance and corrosion properties [2]. Currently, glass-reinforced aluminium laminate (GLARE) has been selected for the upper fuselage skin structures of Airbus A380, as shown in Figure 1 [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tightening torque and washer size effects on bearing strength of fiber metal laminate bolted-joints

Zhou

et al. 2017

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. The study investigated the effect of tightening torque and washer size on the mechanical properties of double-lap, single bolt fiber metal laminate (FML) joints. The tightening torque under the examination was 0.1Nm, 3 Nm, 5 Nm, 10 Nm and 15 Nm, and the washer size was changed by varying the value of outer diameter of washer (Dwo=11mm, Dwo=13mm, Dwo=15mm, Dwo=17mm and Dwo=19mm). A three-dimensional (3D) failure finite element model was used to predict the bearing behaviour of FML joints. The comparison between simulation and experimental results showed a good agreement in strength. The results showed that the effect of bolt tightening torque on the failure loads of bolt-loaded FML joints was obvious, and the effect of washer size on the load-bearing capacity was not sensitive. The present work provided supporting information for the design of FML joints.

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The mechanical behavior of GLARE laminates for aircraft structures

Cited by 284 publications

References 43 publications

Three-layered sandwich material for lightweight applications

Three-layered sandwich material for lightweight applications

Fatigue in Fiber-Metal Laminates for Small Wind Turbine Blades Application

Tightening torque and washer size effects on bearing strength of fiber metal laminate bolted-joints

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