The Measurement Process

Wait, Dallas; Ramsey, Charles A.; Maney, John P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404696-2.00004-7

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Contamination introduced during sample collection and processing is cumulative and can be substantially greater than contamination introduced elsewhere in the sample handling and analysis process [18]. Methods for contamination control [31] can include:…”

Section: Marine Mineral Oil Spill Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of any sampling and analysis program is to determine the representative physical and chemical characteristics of a sample and, in the case of a mineral oil spill, to reliably understand the nature, extent, and impact of the spill [17]. The need for measurements that are reliable, and of known quality is key to any relevant oil spill study and can be an especially challenging undertaking considering the complex and sometimes unknown composition of mineral oils and the rigorous degradative forces encountered in the marine environment [18]. Publications discussing the sampling and analysis of mineral oils in the marine environment are rather limited, hence the impetus for this review and guidance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, the study design will define the specific number and types of QC samples needed to meet the DQOs, which should be detailed in the QAPP [34]. QC samples typically collected as part of a well-conceived sampling program include [18]: Unlike standard sampling methods that are often available for chemical analysis, standard methods for collecting samples in marine matrices do not exist. When using non-standard sampling methods for marine mineral oil spill research, understanding and applying methodologies used and accepted by other researchers can be key to implementing a reliable sampling program [30].…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Importance of Data Reliability and Usability When Assessing Impacts of Marine Mineral Oil Spills

Wait

2021

Toxics

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Spilled mineral oils in the marine environment pose a number of challenges to sampling and analysis. Mineral oils are complex assemblages of hydrocarbons and additives, the composition of which can vary considerably depending on the source oil and product specifications. Further, the marine microbial and chemical environment can be harsh and variable over short times and distances, producing a rigorous source of hydrocarbon degradation of a mineral oil assemblage. Researchers must ensure that any measurements used to determine the nature and extent of the oil release, the fate and transport of the mineral oil constituents, and any resultant toxicological effects are derived using representative data that adhere to the study’s data quality objectives (DQOs). The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance for crafting obtainable DQOs and provide insights into producing reliable results that properly underpin researchers’ findings when scrutinized by others.

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Section: Marine Mineral Oil Spill Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Importance of Data Reliability and Usability When Assessing Impacts of Marine Mineral Oil Spills

Wait

2021

Toxics

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“…Sampling is a crucial aspect of these investigations. If incorrect samples are taken, the pollutant might not be identified and/or the source of the contamination might not be established (Ramsey & Hewitt, 2005;Wait, Ramsey, & Maney, 2014). The sampling protocol must therefore ensure that appropriate samples are collected that contain the contaminant at detectable levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sampling protocol must therefore be applied that is appropriate for the incident at hand. A range of excellent publications discuss the sampling requirements for different contamination types, and the reader is referred to this literature for more information on this aspect of environmental forensic investigations (Mudge, 2008a;Ramsey & Hewitt, 2005;Wait et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of environmental forensics: From laboratory to field analysis

Spikmans

2019

WIREs Forensic Science

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Environmental forensics aims to provide investigations into pollution incidents to establish the source of the pollution and any environmental or human health impacts. Casework is strongly reliant on field investigations and subsequent laboratory‐based analysis for confirmation of pollutants present. Current advances in field‐portable instrumentation are shaping the environmental forensics discipline and provide an evolutionary change in the operational capabilities of environmental investigators. The implementation of field‐portable equipment into the environmental investigative framework provides great advances and opportunities, but also needs to be performed with caution to ensure reliable results. Combining the use of field‐portable instrumentation with small mobile forensic laboratories provides for a rapid and flexible emergency response capability that can also be applied to non‐emergency scenarios to aid pollution mapping and tracking, including source determination. The field‐portable equipment can be used in the controlled environment of the mobile laboratory, but can also be used in‐situ where required. Although field‐portable equipment is not likely to replace laboratory‐based analysis methods in the near future, it does provide important intelligence to the field investigator, resulting in a more targeted and detailed investigation of the scene. This allows for a more focussed laboratory‐based investigation and will result in more rapid and appropriate investigations into environmental incidents. Ultimately, this will ensure a better protection of the environment and human health. This article is categorized under: Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence < Forensic Food and Environment Analysis

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