The measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of some elements (Fe, Co, Ni, Ge, Sn, Te) in the liquid state

A Magnetism-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Method To Produce Branched or Iron-Encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes

“…34,35 However, magnetic metals like Fe, Co, and Ni are usually used as the catalysts for CNT growth, and they remain magnetic even in the liquid state at high temperture. 47 So if we insert a magnet, a magnetic force (F m ) is applied to iron particles, which can be calculated by where m is the mass, χ is the susceptibility, H is the magnetic field strength, and grad(H) is the magnetic field strength gradient. So, in the gradient magnetic field of the magnet, a magnetic force can be applied to the small catalyst particles.…”

“…Due to these two opposite factors, the catalyst particles tend to divide and consequently encapsulate into CNTs; however, the division is prohibited by surface tension. So in a steady environment, the catalyst particles remain in a stable state without coalescence and division, and then the products are mainly straight CNTs without branches or encapsulated particles (Figure ). , However, magnetic metals like Fe, Co, and Ni are usually used as the catalysts for CNT growth, and they remain magnetic even in the liquid state at high temperture . So if we insert a magnet, a magnetic force ( F m ) is applied to iron particles, which can be calculated by where m is the mass, χ is the susceptibility, H is the magnetic field strength, and grad( H ) is the magnetic field strength gradient.…”

Effect of magnetic order on nucleation in undercooled Co80Pd20 melts

“…6 Since 1957, various iron and cobalt alloys in their liquid and undercooled states had been investigated in order to search for ferromagnetic ordering in a metastable phase. 7,8 However, undercooling below the Curie temperatures of the liquid alloys and accordingly proof of ferromagnetism was not achieved. After 1994, the proposition of Co 80 Pd 20 for studies on ferromagnetism in the undercooled state 9 paves one way to the answer.…”