The measurement of PM2.5, including semi-volatile components, in the EMPACT program: results from the Salt Lake City Study

Long, Russell; Eatough, Norman L.; Mangelson, N.F.; Thompson, Wesley E.; Fiet, Kyle J.; Smith, Scott; Smith, Rachel; Eatough, Delbert J.; Pope, C. Arden; Wilson, William E.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00585-5

Cited by 50 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The high PM 2.5 abundance associated with the Great Salt Lake Desert in northern Utah (E) close to the Nevada border stands out. There is a nearby measurement "supersite" at Salt Lake City (Long et al, 2003) recording a particulate abundances consistent with our estimates.…”

Section: Key Features By Regionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5)

et al. 2014

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Abstract. With the increasing awareness of the health impacts of particulate matter, there is a growing need to comprehend the spatial and temporal variations of the global abundance of ground level airborne particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less (PM 2.5). Here we use a suite of remote sensing and meteorological data products together with groundbased observations of particulate matter from 8,329 measurement sites in 55 countries taken 1997-2014 to train a machinelearning algorithm to estimate the daily distributions of PM 2.5 from 1997 to the present. In this first paper of a series, we present the methodology and global average results from this period and demonstrate that the new PM 2.5 data product can reliably represent global observations of PM 2.5 for epidemiological studies.

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Section: Key Features By Regionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5)

et al. 2014

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“…The Real-time total Ambient Mass Sampler (RAMS), based on diffusion denuder, Nafion dryer, and TEOM monitor technologies, was used for the continuous determination of total PM 2.5 mass including semivolatile material (SVM: semivolatile ammonium nitrate and SVOC; Eatough et al 1999Eatough et al , 2003aLong et al 2003a). The RAMS measures total PM 2.5 mass with a TEOM monitor using a "sandwich" filter to retain SVM that would be lost from particles in a conventional TEOM monitor.…”

Section: Ramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Care must be taken to remove from the sample stream all gas-phase species that can be absorbed by the CIG filter in order to prevent overdetermination of PM 2.5 mass. The configuration and operation of the RAMS as used in the EMPACT study has been previously described Long et al 2000Long et al , 2001. RAMS data were averaged over 1 and 3 h periods throughout the study period for comparison with TEOM and PC-BOSS data.…”

Section: Ramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The configuration and operation of the PC-BOSS as used in the Salt Lake EMPACT program has been previously described (Eatough et al 2003a;Lewtas et al 2001;Long et al 2000).…”

Section: Pc-bossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, semivolatile fine particulate species such as water, ammonium nitrate, and organic compounds (SVOC) are not accurately determined by single-filter sampling techniques Herring et al 1999;Lewtas et al 2001;Pang et al 1999). Losses of SVM from particles collected on the filter or adsorption of gas-phase organic compounds can occur during sampling and equilibration (Eatough et al 2003a;Long et al 2002Long et al , 2003a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One– and Three–Hour PM_2.5Characterization, Speciation, and Source Apportionment Using Continuous and Integrated Samplers

Long

Modey

Smith

et al. 2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Ammonium nitrate and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) are significant components of fine particles in many urban atmospheres. These components, however, are not properly measured by current EPA accepted methods, such as the R&P TEOM monitor, due to loss of semivolatile material (SVM) from particles in the heated environment of the filter during sampling. The accurate determination of semivolatile material is important due to the possible effects of these species on human health, visibility, and global climate change. The concentration and composition of fine particulate material were determined using a combination of continuous and integrated samplers at the Brigham Young University-EPA Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking (BYU-EPA EMPACT) monitoring site in Salt Lake City, Utah over a six-day sampling period (30 January to 4 February) during the winter of 2001. Continuous samples were collected using a RAMS (total PM 2.5 mass), a TEOM monitor (nonvolatile PM2.5 mass), an Aethalometer (elemental carbon), a TSI CPC (particle count), and a Nephelometer (light scattering by particles, bsp). Fine particle composition and mass were determined on a three-hour basis using the PC-BOSS diffusion denuder sampler. Total PM2.5 massdetermined with the RAMS agreed with constructed mass de- Address correspondence to Delbert J. Eatough, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, c100 Benson Science Building, Provo, Utah 84602-5700. E-mail: delbert eatough@byu.edu termined from the chemical composition measured in collocated PC-BOSS-integrated samples. Results from this study indicate that semivolatile material (ammonium nitrate and semivolatile organic compounds) is a significant component of fine particle mass. Semivolatile organic compounds were the major contributor to light scattering during the six-day sampling period. Semivolatile nitrate, but not organic material, was suggested to be hygroscopic by the nephelometric data. The majority of the SVM observed appeared to be secondary material formed from photochemical reactions of the organic and NOx emissions from mobile sources and wood smoke combustion.

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The Wintertime Covariation of CO₂ and Criteria Pollutants in an Urban Valley of the Western United States

et al. 2018

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Numerous mountain valleys experience wintertime particulate pollution events, when persistent cold air pools (PCAPs) develop and inhibit atmospheric mixing, leading to the accumulation of pollutants. Here we examine the relationships between trace gases and criteria pollutants during winter in Utah's Salt Lake Valley, in an effort to better understand the roles of transport versus chemical processes during differing meteorological conditions as well as insights into how targeted reductions in greenhouse gases will impact local air quality in varying meteorological conditions. CO2 is a chemically inert gas that is coemitted during fossil fuel combustion with pollutants. Many of these coemitted pollutants are precursors that react chemically to form secondary particulate matter. Thus, CO2 can serve as a stable tracer and potentially help distinguish transport versus chemical influences on pollutants. During the winter of 2015–2016, we isolated enhancements in CO2 over baseline levels due to urban emissions (“CO2ex”). CO2ex was paired with similar excesses in other pollutant concentrations. These relationships were examined during different wintertime conditions and stages of pollution episodes: (a) Non‐PCAP, (b) beginning, and (c) latter stages of an episode. We found that CO2ex is a good indicator of the presence of gaseous criteria pollutants and a reasonable indicator of PM2.5. Additionally, the relationships between CO2ex and criteria pollutants differ during different phases of PCAP events which provide insight into meteorological and transport processes. Lastly, we found a slight overestimation of CO:CO2 emission ratios and a considerable overestimation of NOx:CO2 by existing inventories for the Salt Lake Valley.

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The measurement of PM2.5, including semi-volatile components, in the EMPACT program: results from the Salt Lake City Study

Cited by 50 publications

References 22 publications

Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5)

Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5)

One– and Three–Hour PM_2.5Characterization, Speciation, and Source Apportionment Using Continuous and Integrated Samplers

The Wintertime Covariation of CO₂ and Criteria Pollutants in an Urban Valley of the Western United States

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The measurement of PM2.5, including semi-volatile components, in the EMPACT program: results from the Salt Lake City Study

Cited by 50 publications

References 22 publications

Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5)

Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5)

One– and Three–Hour PM2.5Characterization, Speciation, and Source Apportionment Using Continuous and Integrated Samplers

The Wintertime Covariation of CO2 and Criteria Pollutants in an Urban Valley of the Western United States

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

One– and Three–Hour PM_2.5Characterization, Speciation, and Source Apportionment Using Continuous and Integrated Samplers

The Wintertime Covariation of CO₂ and Criteria Pollutants in an Urban Valley of the Western United States