The Measurement of Perceptual Durations

Efron, Robert

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65387-2_15

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Each study found that velocity had to be increased as stimulus intensity was increased in order for the line to be judged continuous, indicating that visual persistence decreased as stimulus intensity increased. Efron and Lee (1971), Efron (1970b), Dixon andHammond (1972), andAllport (1970) used a variation of this paradigm by presenting subjects with one line at a time but regularly displacing each new line to a slightly different spatial location. The measure of available visual information was the number of lines that could be seen at one time (see Footnote 3).…”

Section: Persistence-of-form Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensity dependence of perceived duration: Data, theories, and neural integration.

Nisly¹,

Wasserman²

1989

Psychological Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evaluates 2 theoretical models suggested to explain studies of the effect of stimulus intensity on the perceived duration of brief light flashes. Some studies found a direct relationship between the 2 variables; others found an indirect relationship. Each model suggests that an additional variable interacts with stimulus intensity. Proposed variables have included the nature of the judgment and the absolute intensity. The present evaluation indicates that both of the proposed variables play a role and that a melding of the models could best account for this phenomenon. The melding incorporates known time- and intensity-dependent characteristics of neural integration into the behavioral performance. The evaluation also indicates that future experiments on this problem will be most informative if they (a) give particular attention to the role of instructions, (b) explore an adequate range of intensities, and (c) strictly control adaptive state.

show abstract

Section: Persistence-of-form Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensity dependence of perceived duration: Data, theories, and neural integration.

Nisly¹,

Wasserman²

1989

Psychological Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This problem has a long tradition in sensory physiology and experimental psychology. For example, Fröhlich (1923) described the flash lag phenomenon and estimated from its magnitude the duration of elementary visual sensation (Empfindungszeit) to be 40-150 ms. Efron (1972) estimated the minimal perceptual duration to be about 150-160 ms. The importance of these findings with respect to understanding central mechanisms of temporal experience is problematic.…”

Section: "Perceptual Moments" and The Question Of Internal Time Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inner and Outer Horizons of Time Experience

Wackermann

2007

Span. J. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human experience of temporal durations exhibits a multi-regional structure, with more or less distinct boundaries, or horizons, on the scale of physical duration. The inner horizons are imposed by perceptual thresholds for simultaneity (≈ 3 ms) and temporal order (≈ 30 ms), and are determined by the dynamical properties of the neural substrate integrating sensory information. Related to the inner horizon of experienced time are perceptual or cognitive "moments." Comparative data on autokinetic times suggest that these moments may be relatively invariant (≈ 10 2 ms) across a wide range of species. Extension of the "sensible present" (≈ 3 s) defines an intermediate horizon, beyond which the generic experience of duration develops. The domain of immediate duration experience is delimited by the ultimate outer horizon at about ≈10 2 s, as evidenced by analysis of duration reproduction experiments (reproducibility horizon), probably determined by relaxation times of "neural accumulators." Beyond these phenomenal horizons, time is merely cognitively (re)constructed, not actually experienced or "perceived," a fact that is frequently ignored by contemporary time perception research. The nyocentric organization of time experience shows an interesting analogy with the egocentric organization of space, suggesting that structures of subjective space and time are derived from active motion as a common experiential basis. Keywords: autokinetic time, dual klepsydra model, duration reproduction, phenomenal horizon, psychophysics, subjective time, temporal experience La experiencia humana de las duraciones temporales exhibe una estructura multi-regional, con fronteras, u horizontes, más o menos definidos, en la escala de la duración física. Los umbrales perceptivos de la simultaneidad (≈3 ms) y el orden temporal (≈30 ms) imponen los horizontes internos y los determinan las propiedades dinámicas del substrato neuronal que integra la información sensorial. Los "momentos" preceptuales o cognitivos se relacionan con el horizonte interno del tiempo experimentado. Los datos comparativos sobre tiempos autoquinéticos sugieren que estos momentos pueden ser relativamente invariantes (≈10 2 ms) a través de una amplia variedad de especies. La extensión del "presente sensible" (≈3 s) define un horizonte intermedio, a partir del cual se desarrolla la experiencia genérica de la duración. El dominio de experiencia de duración inmediata es delimitado por el último horizonte externo en aproximadamente ≈10 2 s, como demuestra el análisis de los experimentos de la reproducción de la duración (la reproducibilidad del horizonte), probablemente determinado por los tiempos de relajación de los "acumuladores neuronales." Más allá de estos horizontes fenomenológicos, el tiempo meramente se (re)construye cognitivamente, no es experimentado ni "percibido", un hecho que a menudo es ignorado por la investigación contemporánea de la percepción del tiempo. La organización niocéntrica de la experiencia del tiempo muestra una interesante analogía con la organiza...

show abstract

“…Although there is evidence that there are characteristic cultural differences in style of gesticulation (Efron 1972;Creider 1978Creider , 1986Kendon 1984b) the forms employed are not explicitly taught, there is no standardized vocabulary and they are not usually considered to have shared, conventionalized meanings. Any meanings they have arise from the way they are combined in contexts of meaning created by what is said in words.…”

Section: Speech-concurrent Signing and Gesticulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A consideration of the forms of movement that may be observed in gesticulation shows that it must be regarded äs a simultaneous encoding of aspects of the total content of what is being said. It may take the form of abbreviated pantomime, it may serve to depict shapes, objects or spatial relationships, it may sometimes appear to provide a kind of spatial diagram of the relationship between the various parts of the speaker's discourse, or it may appear simply äs a kind of rhythmical movement, marking Brought to you by | University of California Authenticated Download Date | 6/5/15 10:22 PM out the successive phrasal units of the flow of speech (Efron 1972;Wiener, etal. 1972;Ekman 1977;McNeil 1985).…”

Section: Speech-concurrent Signing and Gesticulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speaking and signing simultaneously in Warlpiri sign language users

Kendon¹

1987

Mult

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Warlpiri of central Australia make use of a complex sign language äs an alternative to Speech during periods when Speech is avoided, äs by older women when in mourning. Signing is also used simultaneously with speech in some circumstances. Examples of such speech-sign simultaneity are examined and the relationship between what is spoken and what is signed is described in detail This is compared to the way gestures are found to relate to speech in Speakers who do not have a complex System of coded gestural signs available. The analyses presented suggest that when gestural forms concurrent with speech are highly coded, they are used in parallel with the words used in the speech and they encode the same meanings äs the words. When speechconcurrent gestural forms are not highly coded, however, they may encode some of the same meanings äs are encoded in the speech, but they may also encode additional meanings, supplementary to or complementary to the meanings encoded in words. This suggests that when, in constructing an utterance, more than one modality is being used at a time, unless the mode ofencoding is different from one modality to the next, the meanings encoded will be parallel to one another. We argue that the signs of Warlpiri sign language are functionally the equivalent of lexical items in the spoken language. Speech-concurrent movements serve to encode other meanings, in addition to those in spoken form, only when they are not units ofaction that belong to a sign language.

show abstract

The Measurement of Perceptual Durations

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Intensity dependence of perceived duration: Data, theories, and neural integration.

Intensity dependence of perceived duration: Data, theories, and neural integration.

Inner and Outer Horizons of Time Experience

Speaking and signing simultaneously in Warlpiri sign language users

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About