The measurement of chloride losses in the sweat

Ladell, W. S. S.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1948.sp004291

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…dry-bulb temperature and 940 F. wet-bulb. The subjects were weighed before and after each bout of work, and sweat samples were obtained at the time of each weighing from impermeable.bags worn on one arm; these bags give a true sample of 'mixed body sweat' (Ladell, 1948 (Peters & Van Slyke, 1932). In a number of experiments the plasma protein and the haematocrit value were estimated by Va;n Slyke's copper sulphate, specific gravity method (Phillips et al, 1942 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Men were subjected to the routine of alternate work and rest described previously (Ladell, 1947) for periods of from 110 to 170 min. in an air-conditioned room maintained at 100°F.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elkinton, Danowski & Winkler (1946a, b) studied acute salt deprivation in dogs induced by intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic glucose with subsequent removal of the intraperitoneal fluid. They correlated the changes in the blood chemistry and in the clinical condition of the animals with the changes in salt and water balance and calculated the movements of fluid between the intraand extracellular compartments.In the series of experiments reported elsewhere (Ladell 1947(Ladell , 1948, and in others of a similar nature, there were a number of occasions in which the salt …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the series of experiments reported elsewhere (Ladell 1947(Ladell , 1948, and in others of a similar nature, there were a number of occasions in which the salt…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the series of experiments reported elsewhere (Ladell 1947(Ladell , 1948, and in others of a similar nature, there were a number of occasions in which the salt FLUID CHANGES AND SWEATING 441 and water balances were known accurately and when blood samples were taken immediately before and after two or more hours of very heavy sweating. During this time as much as 20 g. of sodium chloride were sometimes lost, while urine flow was practically suppressed (Weiner, 1945).…”

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The changes in water and chloride distribution during heavy sweating

Ladell¹

1949

The Journal of Physiology

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Correlated observations on man between changes in salt and water balance and changes in the blood electrolytes during the acute salt loss that occurs during heavy sweating have not been made to the same extent as corresponding observations on animals during acute salt loss otherwise induced. Lee, Murray, Simmonds & Atherton (1941) discussed the strain which working in the heat imposes upon the salt/water balance, but they did not report any figures for the blood electrolyte concentration; their subjects were not sweating at very high rates, the maximum being 10 4 c.c./min., and the salt losses were all small, often less than 1 g. and never more than 2 g. in an 8 hr. test, considerably less than the losses in the urine over the same period. McCance's studies (1936, 1937, 1938) were on subacute rather than on acute salt deficiency, and sweating was only one of the means by which he induced the deficiency; the blood electrolytes were estimated, but, as the samples were not taken in close relation to the sweating periods, it is not possible to evaluate the effect of sweating as compared with other factors. Nadal, Pedersen & Maddock (1941) compared the effect of salt loss with that of water deprivation, and their results indicated that water is lost from the extracellular compartments in salt deprivation, and from the extra-and intracellular compartments in water deprivation; but as their deprivations were induced relatively slowly it would not be admissible to deduce from them the effects of a few hours of very profuse sweating. Elkinton, Danowski & Winkler (1946a, b) studied acute salt deprivation in dogs induced by intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic glucose with subsequent removal of the intraperitoneal fluid. They correlated the changes in the blood chemistry and in the clinical condition of the animals with the changes in salt and water balance and calculated the movements of fluid between the intraand extracellular compartments.In the series of experiments reported elsewhere (Ladell 1947(Ladell , 1948, and in others of a similar nature, there were a number of occasions in which the salt

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Men were subjected to the routine of alternate work and rest described previously (Ladell, 1947) for periods of from 110 to 170 min. in an air-conditioned room maintained at 100°F.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the series of experiments reported elsewhere (Ladell 1947(Ladell , 1948, and in others of a similar nature, there were a number of occasions in which the salt…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The changes in water and chloride distribution during heavy sweating

Ladell¹

1949

The Journal of Physiology

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Recent Advances toward Wearable Sweat Monitoring Systems

Shen

Xue

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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Wearable biosensors are playing an increasingly important role in society. Compared with traditional wearable biosensors for detecting blood pressure, blood oxygen, or pulse conditions, which can only access information from the physical level, biosensors for testing body fluids can provide more details on health conditions through the analysis of biochemical criteria. Sweat secreted from glands distributed throughout the body contains abundant biochemical information and is an indicator of the physical conditions. Because of the noninvasive and safe sampling method, wearable sweat monitoring systems have the potential to realize long‐term and wearable detection. In this review, the current situation of wearable sweat monitoring systems is summarized from three critical parts: the sweat collection method, the sweat analysis method, and the energy supply. Finally, based on the existing drawbacks of wearable sweat monitoring systems in previous studies, the authors creatively propose droplet‐based detection, triboelectric nanogenerator‐based detection, and self‐powered systems as new directions for future research. The proposed approaches are expected to promote the commercialization process of wearable sweat monitoring systems.

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Eichler¹

1950

Die Pharmakologie Anorganischer Anionen

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The measurement of chloride losses in the sweat

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

The changes in water and chloride distribution during heavy sweating

The changes in water and chloride distribution during heavy sweating

Recent Advances toward Wearable Sweat Monitoring Systems

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