“…Both trauma exposure and the experience of adverse childhood experiences, including loss, abuse, and neglect, are strong predictors of depression (Kendler, Kessler, Neale, Heath, & Eaves, 1993; Kim et al, 2013; Sen, Exworthy, & Forrester, 2014; Tang, Liu, Liu, Xue, & Zhang, 2014; Young, Harford, Kinder, & Savell, 2007). Interpersonal traumas or adult adversities contribute to increased depression and other mental health problems, including the adult adversities or trauma of intimate partner violence (Devries et al, 2013; Farris, Zvolensky, Beckham, Vujanovic, & Schmidt, 2014; Lagdon, Armour, & Stringer, 2014) and the chronic stress of caregiving for family members with mental illness or substance abuse problems (Jiang, Callinan, Laslett, & Room, 2015; Kate, Grover, Kulhara, & Nehra, 2013; Priestley & McPherson, 2015; Vella & Pai, 2013). There are complex and interdependent relationships between adversities and trauma across the developmental lifespan.…”