The Measurement of Blood Lost During Cesarean Section

Wilcox, C. Fred; Hunt, Arthur B.; Owen, Charles A.

doi:10.1097/00006254-195908000-00017

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Certain conditions, such as preeclampsia, history of postpartum hemorrhage, and cesarean delivery have been traditionally associated with an increased risk of excessive blood loss. In vaginal deliveries, hemorrhage is usually defined by a blood loss of >500 mL and for cesarean deliveries it is usually 1000 mL 3,4 . It is a routine practice in our centre to crossmatch blood for every cesarean section irrespective of the indication in anticipation of significant hemorrhage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive study of blood transfusion practices in women undergoing cesarean delivery

Goundan

Kalra

Raveendran

et al. 2011

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive study of blood transfusion practices in women undergoing cesarean delivery

Goundan

Kalra

Raveendran

et al. 2011

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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“…Duthie et al 12 and Wilcox et al 43 used the photometric method to measure blood loss during cesarean births. Wilcox et al 43 validated the method through comparisons with a radioactive chromium tagged red blood cell technique and a sample photometry method (error of < 1%). Both studies reported a tendency to underestimate when the blood loss was greater.…”

Section: Description Of Existing Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Blood Loss: Review of the Literature

Schorn

2010

J Midwife Womens Health

259

223

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It is important to recognize excessive blood loss during childbirth, which is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. This article reviews methods to measure blood loss that could be used during childbirth. PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE databases were searched using the phrases "blood loss" and "measurement." The bibliographies of publications were scanned for applicable references. A total of 46 publications are included in this review. The methods used to measure blood loss are categorized into visual estimation, direct measurement, gravimetric, photometry, and miscellaneous. Methods are described and compared. A combination of direct measurement and gravimetric methods are the most practical. Photometry is the most precise, but also the most expensive and complex to use. A variety of miscellaneous methods are presented, but none is a practical or reliable method. Visual estimation of blood loss is so inaccurate that its continued use in practice is questionable and it should not be used in research to evaluate treatment.

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“…We estimated the amount of blood loss by weighing all of the soaked sponges in grams, and the blood loss was measured in milliliters according to Wilcox's equation [12]. This volumetric and gravimetric method is easy, sensitive, and accurate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time interval between delivery of the fetus by cesarean section and placental separation using cord traction in relation to the amount of blood loss

Taha

Azmy

Okasha

et al. 2015

Medical Research Journal

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Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the best time interval needed to start delivering the placenta following fetal delivery in cesarean section (CS) that allows placental delivery with decreased incidence of undue morbidity.Patients and methods This prospective study was conducted on patients attending the Labor Ward, Cairo University Hospital (Egypt). A total of 120 pregnant women who had an indication for elective or emergency CS were studied between October 2009 and May 2010. Women admitted for CS were randomly assigned to one of the four study groups: group A, group B, group C, and group D. The patients were assigned according to the time before beginning cord traction to deliver the placenta after fetal delivery (15, 30, 45, and 60 s, respectively). The primary outcome was the time taken for the placenta to separate, and the secondary outcome measured the morbidity during placental separation. ResultsIn this study, we found that women who had traction on their placentas after 60 s (group D) had the best results in the amount of blood loss from the placental bed (125.36 ± 7.96 ml, n = 30), as well as the least time interval for complete delivery of the placenta (24.7 ± 4.41 s, n = 30), with less complications (16%, n = 30).Conclusion This study suggests that waiting for 1 min after delivery of the fetus before starting cord traction could help in reducing the amount of blood loss from the placental bed. Moreover, this reduces the time interval needed for placental separation after starting cord traction.

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The Measurement of Blood Lost During Cesarean Section

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Descriptive study of blood transfusion practices in women undergoing cesarean delivery

Descriptive study of blood transfusion practices in women undergoing cesarean delivery

Measurement of Blood Loss: Review of the Literature

Time interval between delivery of the fetus by cesarean section and placental separation using cord traction in relation to the amount of blood loss

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