The Measurement of Authoritarian Attitudes

Messick, Samuel; Jackson, Douglas N.

doi:10.1177/001316445801800202

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…When investigators began questioning whether F-scale scores reflected an authoritarian personality or a response style, a reflected F-scale was constructed. Correlations between the original F-scale and this reflected scale were only .20(Chapman & Campbell, 1957;Messick & Jackson, 1958). Messick (1961, 1962) found similar factor analytic resultsfortheMMPi, thoughsubsequentitem-reversal studies (the original items are reversed) of the MMPI indicated high correlations between the original at WESTERN OREGON UNIVERSITY on May 30, 2015 apm.sagepub.com Downloaded from…”

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confidence: 91%

Factors Defined by Negatively Keyed Items: The Result of Careless Respondents?

Schmitt

Stults²

1985

Applied Psychological Measurement

446

368

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A frequently occurring phenomenon in factor and cluster analysis of personality or attitude scale items is that all or nearly all questionnaire items that are negatively keyed will define a single factor. Although substantive interpretations of these negative factors are usually attempted, this study demonstrates that the negative factor could be produced by a relatively small portion of the respondents who fail to attend to the negative-positive wording of the items. Data were generated using three different correlation matrices, which demonstrated that regardless of data source, when only 10% of the respondents are careless in this fashion, a clearly definable negative factor is generated. Recommendations for instrument development and data editing are presented.

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confidence: 91%

Factors Defined by Negatively Keyed Items: The Result of Careless Respondents?

Schmitt

Stults²

1985

Applied Psychological Measurement

446

368

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“…As Messick pursued his career, he maintained his dual interest in psychological theory and quantitative methods, applying this broad background to problems in educational and psychological measurement (Jackson and Messick 1965;Jackson et al 1957;Messick and Frederiksen 1958;Messick and Jackson 1958;Messick and Ross 1962). He had close, long-term collaborations with a number of research psychologists (e.g., Douglas Jackson, Nathan Kogan, and Lawrence Stricker).…”

Section: Messick's Unified Model Of Construct Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…His work reflected an ongoing concern about how to differentiate between constructs Stricker et al 1969), between content and style Messick 1962Messick , 1991, and between constructs and potential sources of irrelevant variance (Messick 1962(Messick , 1964(Messick , 1981bMessick and Jackson 1958).…”

Section: Messick's Unified Model Of Construct Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Validity Theory and Practice at ETS

Kane

Bridgeman

2017

Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment

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Educational Testing Service (ETS) was founded with a dual mission: to provide high-quality testing programs that would enhance educational decisions and to improve the theory and practice of testing in education through research and development (Bennett 2005; Educational Testing Service 1992). Since its inception in 1947, ETS has consistently evaluated its testing programs to help ensure that they meet high standards of technical and operational quality, and where new theory and new methods were called for, ETS researchers made major contributions to the conceptual frameworks and methodology.This chapter reviews ETS's contributions to validity theory and practice at various levels of generality, including overarching frameworks (Messick 1988(Messick , 1989, more targeted models for issues such as fairness, and particular analytic methodologies (e.g., reliability, equating, differential item functioning). The emphasis will be on contributions to the theory of validity and, secondarily, on the practice of validation rather than on specific methodologies. Validity TheoryGeneral conceptions of validity grew out of basic concerns about the accuracy of score meanings and the appropriateness of score uses (Kelley 1927), and they have necessarily evolved over time as test score uses have expanded, as proposed interpretations have been extended and refined, and as the methodology of testing has become more sophisticated.

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“…Since the publication of "The Authoritarian Personality" an extensive body of research literature has accumulated relating facets of the hypothesized authoritarian syndrome to various aspects of personality and social behavior. Some studies have been critical of the substantive theory (Rokeach, 1956), while others have questioned the methods used in the original research (Hyman and Sheatsley, 1954;Messick and Jackson, 1958). The use of the F Scale as a measure of authoritarianism implies that the various subportions of authoritarian ideology comprise a syndrome of highly correlated social attitudes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The use of the F Scale as a measure of authoritarianism implies that the various subportions of authoritarian ideology comprise a syndrome of highly correlated social attitudes. Since the influence of non-content dimensions on an individual's F scale score has been shown to be appreciable (Chapman and Campbell, 1954 ;Messick and Jackson, 1958), interpretations of F scale scores which assume response to content become ambiguous. Acquiescence response set (Cronbach, 1946 ;Jackson, 1965 ;Jackson and Messick, 1958) is an example of such a non-content determinant.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Perceived Structure Of Social Attitudes And Personality : A Multidimensional Scaling Approach

Je¹,

Dn²

1967

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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This study examined the relationships between attitudes inferred from behavior and attitudes implied by item content. 60 subjects judged the similarity between all possible pairs of 18 attitude items and 6 person descriptions designed to reflect three hypothesized dimensions of authoritarian ideology. These interstimulus similarity judgments were subjected t o a multidimensional scaling analysis. Results supported the hypotheses that (a) subsets of attitude statements reflecting hypothesized facets of authoritarian ideology of Superstition, Authoritarian Rejection, and Power and Toughness would be per-ceived as representing independent dimensions; and (b) both people and attitude items can be represented cogently by points in a common multidimensional space.

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The Measurement of Authoritarian Attitudes

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Factors Defined by Negatively Keyed Items: The Result of Careless Respondents?

Factors Defined by Negatively Keyed Items: The Result of Careless Respondents?

Research on Validity Theory and Practice at ETS

The Perceived Structure Of Social Attitudes And Personality : A Multidimensional Scaling Approach

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