The measurement and prediction of residual stresses in carbon-fibre/polymer composites

The origins of residual stress and its evaluation in composite materials

“…In recent years, several destructive techniques including first ply failure (e.g., Cowley & Beaumont, 1997;Jeronimidis & Parkyn, 1988;Kim & Hahn, 1979;Li et al, 2014), layer removal (e.g., Chapman et al, 1990;Crasto & Kim, 1993;Deshpande & Seferis, 1996;Gascoigne, 1994;Joh et al, 1993), blind hole drilling (e.g., Cowley & Beaumont, 1997;Ersoy & Vardar, 2000;Jeronimidis & Parkyn, 1988;Parlevliet et al, 2007;Wu & Lu, 2000), and successive grooving (e.g., Ersoy & Vardar, 2000;Parlevliet et al, 2007;Sunderland et al, 2001) techniques have been developed to measure the residual stresses in composites. Among these methods, the first ply failure method is considered a more accurate and direct approach (Parlevliet et al, 2007).…”

“…Aside from the well-established techniques to measure the warpage of laminated composites and back calculate the residual stresses (e.g., Barnes & Byerly, 1994;Cowley & Beaumont, 1997;Parlevliet et al, 2007), several During processing Embedded strain gauges (e.g., Crasto, Kim, & Russell, 2002;Kim & Daniel, 2002;Jeronimidis & Parkyn, 1988;Unger & Hansen, 1993;Wisnom, Gigliotti, Ersoy, Campbell, & Potter, 2006) Embedded fiber optic sensors (e.g., Chehura et al, 2005;Leng & Asundi, 2002;Okabe, Yashiro, Tsuji, Mizutani, & Takeda, 2002;Sorensen, Gm€ ur, & Botsis;Zhou & Sim, 2002) Interrupted warpage test (Wisnom, Gigliotti, Ersoy, Campbell, & Potter, 2006) Bi-material beam (BMB) test (Li, Zobeiry, Chatterjee, & Poursartip, 2014) After processing Destructive First ply failure (e.g., Cowley & Beaumont, 1997;Jeronimidis & Parkyn, 1988;Kim & Hahn, 1979;Li et al, 2014) Layer removal (e.g., Chapman, Gillespie, Pipes, Manson, & Seferis, 1990;Crasto & Kim, 1993;Deshpande & Seferis, 1996;Gascoigne, 1994;Joh, Byun, & Ha, 1993) Blind hole drilling (e.g., Cowley & Beaumont, 1997;Jeronimidis & Parkyn, 1988;Ersoy & Vardar, 2000;Parlevliet et al, 2007;Wu & Lu, 2000) Successive grooving (e.g., Ersoy & Vardar, 2000;Parlevliet et al, 2007;Sunderland, Yu, & Manson, 2001) Nondestructive Warpage/Curvature measurement (e.g., Barnes & Byerly, 1994;…”

Analysis of Thermal Deformation on a Honeycomb Sandwich CFRP Mirror

“…This discrepancy between experimental and analytical results might be due to the relaxation of thermal residual stress generated during curing. Cowley et al discussed the relaxation of thermal residual stress by observing the geometrical change of an asymmetric strip [8]. They observed that the residual stress in a 90 • ayer relaxed approximately 25% of the initial stress.…”

Measurement of residual stress in thick section composite laminates using the deep-hole method

“…Cowley and Beaumont [17] describe a technique to measure the residual stress in near surface plies of symmetric 0 =90 laminates. Their method involves machining away the near surface plies using a diamond-coated end mill and then measuring the resulting curvature of the remaining un-symmetric laminate.…”