The Mean Vertical Structure of the Jet Stream

Endlich, R. M.; Solot, Samuel B.; Thur, H. A.

doi:10.3402/tellusa.v7i3.8905

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…As in the case of the troposphere, the first step in the determination of the vws, downward from the 200-mb surface to the base of the stratosphere, is the delineation of the temperature field at 200 Since the lapse rates in the stratosphere may vary considerably from area to area, the assumption of conservativeness of the temperature gradient downward to the tropopause is subject to more error than in the troposphere [6]. The magnitude of this error has not been statistically determined, though from limited experience, we would suspect it to be within the limits of forecast accuracy.…”

Section: Thermal Structure In the Lower Stratospherementioning

confidence: 99%

A Suggested Approach to the Problem of Providing High-Altitude Wind Forecasts for Jet Transport Operations

Harmantas

Simplicio

1958

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

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A technique to provide vertical wind distribution through the mid-latitude (polar) tropopause in the 300-to 200-mb layer is described. Vertical wind-shear charts computed from the horizontal temperature gradients are used to delinate wind variations with alttiude in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.Examples of vertical wind-shear charts and the suggested operational usages are presented.

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Section: Thermal Structure In the Lower Stratospherementioning

confidence: 99%

A Suggested Approach to the Problem of Providing High-Altitude Wind Forecasts for Jet Transport Operations

Harmantas

Simplicio

1958

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

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Temperature‐related trends in the vertical position of the summer upper tropospheric surface of maximum wind over the Northern Hemisphere

Strong

Davis

2006

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The surface of maximum wind (SMW) is used to examine spatial and temporal variability in the vertical position of jet streams and fast upper tropospheric wind maxima over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) in the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis for summers . At a given observation time in a gridded data set, the SMW is defined as the surface passing through the fastest analyzed wind above each grid node, with a vertical search domain restricted to the upper troposphere and any tropospheric jet streams extending into the lower stratosphere. The 47-year mean summer SMW generally resides below the tropopause, undulates in the tropics, and descends poleward in middle and high latitudes. Trends in the pressure of the summer SMW are primarily positive, exceed 30 hPa/decade at some locations, and are found over most of the tropics and subtropics for the period 1958-2004. The thermal wind relationship is used to establish links between the SMW pressure trends and temperature gradient changes in the upper troposphere. The changing temperature gradients are consistent with nonuniform tropospheric warming and are correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) variability related to El Niño and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.

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Upper‐level winds over eastern North America: A regional jet stream climatology

Melamed-Turkish

Taylor

Liu

2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Although it is well known that jet streams play a vital role in everyday weather and long‐term climate variability, very few regional climatological studies on jet streams exist to date. Using the high‐resolution North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), this study aims to create a preliminary jet stream, and more specifically a jet core, database for a relatively narrow region in eastern North America covering the period 1979 through 2016 inclusive. We use regional maxima in the smoothed horizontal wind field to locate both the latitudinal and vertical (pressure) location of jet cores along specific meridians. Results show that the median pressure level of all jet cores in the region of interest is 250 hPa and that two is the most likely number of distinct jet cores to occur along a given meridian at any given time. The jet cores are categorized into three bins based on their latitude in an attempt to capture the characteristics of the different tropopause‐level jet types. However, as the vertical and horizontal extents of the jet streams were not analysed, we cannot conclude for certain that each of the geographical bins corresponds to specific jet types. Statistically significant negative trends in the seasonal and overall mean pressure of the jet cores, implying an increased height, supports the findings of previous studies. Our analysis of NARR winds shows that jet core wind speeds increased in the region studied. This may be related to the increased height of jet cores through the thermal wind equation as well as increased baroclinicity across sections of the region studied. Jet core latitude and meridional circulation index (MCI) trends were generally negligible and not statistically significant. An absence of significant increases in |MCI| diverges from expectations and some theories of what to expect with Arctic amplification in a warming world.

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The Mean Vertical Structure of the Jet Stream

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

A Suggested Approach to the Problem of Providing High-Altitude Wind Forecasts for Jet Transport Operations

A Suggested Approach to the Problem of Providing High-Altitude Wind Forecasts for Jet Transport Operations

Temperature‐related trends in the vertical position of the summer upper tropospheric surface of maximum wind over the Northern Hemisphere

Upper‐level winds over eastern North America: A regional jet stream climatology

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