The mean temperature of central England, 1698–1952

Abstract

area. Dr. L. H. N. Cooper, Marine Biological Association, in a letter to me on this paper, suggests that the factors affecting the temperature variation in these squares off the Norwegian coast are likely to include, in addition to the circulation of the atmosphere and wind-driven ocean currents, the effect of the compensation water drawn in from the Atlantic to compensate for cold water cascaded from the Siberian Shelf : we might expect this effect to decrease southwards from the region of northern Norway. (42)The mean temperature of central England,

An application of fractional integration to a long temperature series

“…In this section we analyse the annual average temperature series corresponding to the Monthly CETs, obtained from Manley (1953Manley ( , 1974 and Parker et al (1992), for the time period 1659-2001. These temperatures are representative of a roughly triangular area of the UK enclosed by Preston, London and Bristol.…”

“…The monthly series is the longest available instrumental record of temperature in the world. Manley (1953Manley ( , 1974 compiled most of the monthly series, covering from 1659 to 1973. These data were updated to 1991 by Parker et al (1992) and are now kept up to date by the Hadley Centre (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/hadleycentre/CR data/Monthly/HadCET act.txt).…”

Recovery of nineteenth‐century Tokyo/Osaka meteorological data in Japan

“…The Central England Temperature (CET) series is recognized as the longest instrumental temperature series and a model for the development of long climatological time series. Manley published the CET series for the period from 1698-1952(Manley, 1953 and then for 1659-1973(Manley, 1974. Parker et al (1992) constructed a daily version of the CET from 1772.…”

Thomas Hughes's temperature record for Stroud, 1775–1795

“…From around 1700, series of temperature observations are available for a number of sites in Britain (Manley, 1953). However, many of these were indoor observations, following the recommendation by James Jurin (1722) that the thermometer 'should be exposed in a fireless room where no sun can penetrate' .…”

“…Manley (1953) used the indoor rather than the outdoor data in compiling his Central England Temperature (CET) series; (2) The Mongewell (Oxfordshire) data of Bishop Shute Barrington (April 1773-1823): though complete or nearly so for many months, this has major gaps, particularly from November 1784 to August 1785 with over half the days missing for six out of the ten months, whilst observation times vary and so adjustments are necessary; (3) The Liverpool record made by dockmaster William Hutchinson (1777-July 1793): this is reasonably complete -for example, there are no missing morning temperatures in 1782-1786 -but there is a discontinuity in the early 1780s, probably due to a change in exposure (Manley, 1946, p. 9) and temperatures are clearly too low for part of 1786-1787.…”