The mature/pro nerve growth factor ratio is decreased in the brain of diabetic rats: Analysis by ELISA methods

Soligo, Marzia; Protto, Virginia; Florenzano, Fulvio; Bracci-Laudiero, Luisa; Benedetti, Fabrizio; Chiaretti, Antonio; Manni, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.08.005

Cited by 36 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The mNGF/proNGF ratio could characterize the onset and progression of neurodegeneration in diabetes (Soligo et al, ). We, therefore, analyzed proNGF and mNGF protein content in the hippocampus by selective ELISA assays (Soligo et al, ). ProNGF showed a tendency to increase in diabetic rats (Figure e) while mNGF showed the opposite tendency (Figure f).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroacupuncture in rats normalizes the diabetes‐induced alterations in the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic system

Protto

Soligo

Stefano³

et al. 2019

Hippocampus

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Diabetes induces early sufferance in the cholinergic septo‐hippocampal system, characterized by deficits in learning and memory, reduced hippocampal plasticity and abnormal pro‐nerve growth factor (proNGF) release from hippocampal cells, all linked to dysfunctions in the muscarinic cholinergic modulation of hippocampal physiology. These alterations are associated with dysregulation of several cholinergic markers, such as the NGF receptor system and the acetylcholine biosynthetic enzyme choline‐acetyl transferase (ChAT), in the medial septum and its target, the hippocampus. Controlled and repeated sensory stimulation by electroacupuncture has been proven effective in counteracting the consequences of diabetes on cholinergic system physiology in the brain. Here, we used a well‐established Type 1 diabetes model, obtained by injecting young adult male rats with streptozotocin, to induce sufferance in the septo‐hippocampal system. We then evaluated the effects of a 3‐week treatment with low‐frequency electroacupuncture on: (a) the expression and protein distribution of proNGF in the hippocampus, (b) the tissue distribution and content of NGF receptors in the medial septum, (c) the neuronal cholinergic and glial phenotype in the septo‐hippocampal circuitry. Twice‐a‐week treatment with low‐frequency electroacupuncture normalized, in both hippocampus and medial septum, the ratio between the neurotrophic NGF and its neurotoxic counterpart, the precursor proNGF. Electroacupuncture regulated the balance between the two major proNGF variants (proNGF‐A and proNGF‐B) at both gene expression and protein synthesis levels. In addition, electroacupuncture recovered to basal level the pro‐neurotrophic NGF receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase‐A content, down‐regulated in medial septum cholinergic neurons by diabetes. Electroacupuncture also regulated ChAT content in medial septum neurons and its anterograde transport toward the hippocampus. Our data indicate that repeated sensory stimulation can positively affect brain circuits involved in learning and memory, reverting early impairment induced by diabetes development. Electroacupuncture could exert its effects on the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic neurotransmission in diabetic rats, not only by rescuing the hippocampal muscarinic responsivity, as previously described, but also normalizing acetylcholine biosynthesis and NGF metabolism in the hippocampus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To measure the proNGF and mature NGF (mNGF) content in tissue homogenates, we used recently developed specific ELISAs (Soligo et al, ). Briefly, the capture antibody was incubated ON at RT, into the wells of Nunc™ MaxiSorp™ ELISA Plates (cat 439454, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture in rats normalizes the diabetes‐induced alterations in the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic system

Protto

Soligo

Stefano³

et al. 2019

Hippocampus

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“…Concentration of mNGF was analyzed, in conditioned medium, using a specific ELISA developed by Soligo et al and recently described [35]. In brief to recognize mNGF, the AF-256-NA capture antibody (R&D System, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was coated over night at room temperature.…”

Section: Mature Nerve Growth Factor (Mngf) Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Switching on microglia with electro-conductive multi walled carbon nanotubes

Fiorito

Russier

Salemme

et al. 2018

Carbon

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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao. a b s t r a c tWe explored the mechanisms underlying microglia cell-carbon nanotube interactions in order to investigate whether electrical properties of Carbon-Nanotubes (CNTs) could affect microglia brain cells function and phenotype. We analyzed the effects induced by highly electro-conductive Multi-WalledCarbon-Nanotubes (a-MWCNTs), on microglia cells from rat brain cortex and compared the results with those obtained with as prepared not conductive MWCNTs (MWCNTs) and redox-active Double-WalledCarbon-Nanotubes (DWCNTs). Cell viability and CNT capacity to stimulate the release of nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory (IL-1b, TNF-a) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-b1) cytokines and neurotrophic factors (mNGF) were assessed.Electro-conductive MWCNTs, besides not being cytotoxic, were shown to stimulate, at 24 h cell exposure, classical "M1 00 microglia activation phenotype, increasing significantly the release of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, after 48 h cell exposure, they induced the transition from classical "M1 00 to alternative "M2 00 microglia phenotype, supported by anti-inflammatory cytokines and neuroprotective factor mNGF release. The analysis of cell morphology change, by tubulin and CD-206 þ labelling showed that M2 phenotype was much more expressed at 48 h in cells exposed to aMWCNTs than in untreated cells.Our data suggest that the intrinsic electrical properties of CNTs could be exploited to modulate microglia phenotype and function stimulating microglia anti-inflammatory potential.

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“…The protein concentration was quantified by the Bradford assay. mNGF and proNGF were detected and quantified using MAB5260Z clone 27/21 and EP1318Y antibodies (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) in a homemade sandwich ELISA (29).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic nervous system activation mediates the increase in whole‐body glucose uptake in response to electroacupuncture

Benrick

Kokosar

et al. 2017

FASEB j.

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A single bout of low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) causing muscle contractions increases whole-body glucose uptake in insulin-resistant rats. We explored the underlying mechanism of this finding and whether it can be translated into clinical settings. Changes in glucose infusion rate (GIR) were measured by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp during and after 45 min of low-frequency EA in 21 overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 21 controls matched for age, weight, and body mass index (experiment 1) and in rats receiving autonomic receptor blockers (experiment 2). GIR was higher after EA in controls and women with PCOS. Plasma serotonin levels and homovanillic acid, markers of vagal activity, decreased in both controls and patients with PCOS. Adipose tissue expression of pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF) decreased, and the mature NGF/proNGF ratio increased after EA in PCOS, but not in controls, suggesting increased sympathetic-driven adipose tissue metabolism. Administration of α-/β-adrenergic receptor blockers in rats blocked the increase in GIR in response to EA. Muscarinic and dopamine receptor antagonist also blocked the response but with slower onset. In conclusion, a single bout of EA increases whole-body glucose uptake by activation of the sympathetic and partly the parasympathetic nervous systems, which could have important clinical implications for the treatment of insulin resistance.-Benrick, A., Kokosar, M., Hu, M., Larsson, M., Maliqueo, M., Marcondes, R. R., Soligo, M., Protto, V., Jerlhag, E., Sazonova, A., Behre, C. J., Højlund, K., Thorén, P., Stener-Victorin, E. Autonomic nervous system activation mediates the increase in whole-body glucose uptake in response to electroacupuncture.

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The mature/pro nerve growth factor ratio is decreased in the brain of diabetic rats: Analysis by ELISA methods

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Electroacupuncture in rats normalizes the diabetes‐induced alterations in the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic system

Electroacupuncture in rats normalizes the diabetes‐induced alterations in the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic system

Switching on microglia with electro-conductive multi walled carbon nanotubes

Autonomic nervous system activation mediates the increase in whole‐body glucose uptake in response to electroacupuncture

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