The maturation of visual acuity in neurologically normal and abnormal newborn infants

Dubowitz, Lilly; Mushin, Joan; Morante, Anna; Placzek, Monica

doi:10.1016/0166-4328(83)90148-1

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Interestingly, in this study visual impairment, in particular visual acuity, did not correlate with the severity of the haemorrhage but was more often observed in infants who subsequently developed cerebral palsy. These results are in partial agreement with previous studies that showed a reduction of visual acuity in infants with IVH during the neonatal period, 13,14 who tended, however, to recover during the first months of life. 15 In the latter study, a correlation with the degree of IVH was also found.…”

Section: What This Paper Addssupporting

confidence: 93%

Reorganization of visual fields after periventricular haemorrhagic infarction: potentials and limitations

Guzzetta

Fiori

Scelfo

et al. 2013

Develop Med Child Neuro

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IVH Intraventricular haemorrhageVisual functions are often impaired in preterm infants with periventricular haemorrhagic infarction, because of the involvement of the region where the optic radiations are located. In some cases an unexpected sparing of the visual fields has been described, and related to the plasticity of thalamo-cortical afferents that are supposedly able to bypass the lesion when it occurs in the early third trimester of gestation. We systematically reviewed the literature in the field to determine the limits and potentials of this type of reorganization. We found four studies meeting our criteria, from which we extracted case reports on 19 individuals with intraventricular haemorrhagic infarction. Eleven of the 19 did not have visual field defects, five had a bilateral visual field defect, and the remaining three had a unilateral visual field defect. The involvement of the optic radiations was often associated with normal visual fields as only one of the four individuals with damaged optic radiations showed visual field defects. Conversely, the presence of basal ganglia/thalamus involvement apparently prevented such reorganization, as the only two individuals with unilateral field restriction and available magnetic resonance imaging data both showed abnormalities in those structures. Consistent with this, we report on a further individual in which visual field restriction was associated with abnormal tractography on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, this review supports the existence of effective mechanisms of plastic reorganization that allow a rewiring of geniculo-calcarine connections with restoration of full field vision but which are hindered by the involvement of the basal ganglia and thalamus.

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Section: What This Paper Addssupporting

confidence: 93%

Reorganization of visual fields after periventricular haemorrhagic infarction: potentials and limitations

Guzzetta

Fiori

Scelfo

et al. 2013

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…Early behavioral evidence does not support enhanced alertness and orienting (Gorski, Davison & Brazelton, 1979; Kopp, Sigman, Parmelee & Jeffrey, 1975; Leijon, 1982; Palmer, Dubowitz, Verghote & Dubowitz, 1982) or preferential looking behavior (Baraldi, Ferrari, Fonda & Penne, 1981; Dubowitz et al, 1980; Dubowitz, Mushin, Morante & Placzek, 1983; Morante, Dubowitz, Leven & Dubowitz, 1982) in preterms. However, recent advances in sleep research do show preterm infants have longer periods of alertness and wakefulness (Davis & Thoman, 1987; Holditch-Davis, Scher, Schwartz & Hudson-Barr, 2004; White-Traut, Nelson, Silvestri, Vasan, Littau, Meleedy-Rey, Gu & Patel, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prematurity on the development of contrast sensitivity: Testing the visual experience hypothesis

Bosworth¹,

Dobkins²

2013

Vision Research

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In order to investigate the effects of visual experience on early visual development, the current study compared contrast sensitivity across infants born with different levels of moderate-to-late prematurity. Here the logic is that at any given postterm age, the most premature infants will have the oldest postnatal age. Given that postnatal age is a proxy for visual experience, the visual experience hypothesis predicts that infants who are more premature, yet healthy, should have higher sensitivity. Luminance (light/dark) and chromatic (red/green) contrast sensitivities (CS) were measured in 236 healthy infants (born −10 to +2 weeks relative to due date) between 5 and 32 weeks postterm age from due date and 8 to 38 weeks postnatal from birth date. For chromatic CS, we found clear evidence that infants who were most premature within our sample had the highest sensitivity. Specifically, 4 to 10 additional weeks of visual experience, by virtue of being born early, enhanced chromatic CS. For luminance CS, similar but weaker results were seen. Here, only infants with an additional 6 to 10 weeks of visual experience, and only at later age points in development, showed enhanced sensitivity. However, CS in preterm infants was still below that of fullterm infants with equivalent postnatal age. In sum, these results suggest that chromatic CS is influenced more by prematurity (and possibly visual experience) than is luminance CS, which has implications for differential development of Parvocellular and Magnocellular pathways.

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“…I t has recently been reported that a proportion of infants with post haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation has abnormal acuity and visual fields [1][2][3][4] and that the severity of visual abnormalities is not always related to the severity of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH). 3 Visual abnormalities are more frequent in the first months but in some cases subsequently improve.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual development in infants with prenatal post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation

Ricci

Luciano

Baranello

et al. 2007

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess visual function in 13 infants with evidence of prenatal post haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Design: Infants were assessed at 5, 12 and 24 months using a battery of tests specifically designed to assess various aspects of visual function in infancy. Visual findings were correlated with several variables, including extent of the lesion and presence of epilepsy. Results and conclusions: Abnormalities of visual function were frequent (over 60%) in our cohort at age 2 years, ranging from isolated abnormal ocular movements to severe abnormalities of all the aspects of visual function assessed. The most severe and persistent abnormalities of visual function were found in infants with grade IV intraventricular haemorrhage and shunted hydrocephalus who also had epilepsy in the first year.

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The maturation of visual acuity in neurologically normal and abnormal newborn infants

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Reorganization of visual fields after periventricular haemorrhagic infarction: potentials and limitations

Reorganization of visual fields after periventricular haemorrhagic infarction: potentials and limitations

Effects of prematurity on the development of contrast sensitivity: Testing the visual experience hypothesis

Visual development in infants with prenatal post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation

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