The mating type locus protein MAT1-2-1 of Trichoderma reesei interacts with Xyr1 and regulates cellulase gene expression in response to light

Zheng, Fanglin; Cao, Yanli; Wang, Lei; Lv, Xinxing; Meng, Xiangfeng; Zhang, Weixin; Chen, Guanjun; Liu, Weifeng

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17439-2

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…To construct P tcu1 ‐based promoter replacement vectors for the Trsnf12 , Trswi1 , Trsnf5 , Trsnf2 and Trswi3 genes, the 2.0 kb flanking sequence upstream from the initiation code ATG and an 1.8 kb fragment downstream from ATG of the Trsnf12 gene were amplified from genomic DNA of QM9414, digested with Hin dIII/ Asc I and Not I/ Spe I, respectively, and ligated into the corresponding sites of the pMDP tcu1 ‐ pry4 plasmid (Zheng et al , ) sequentially to obtain pMDP tcu1 ‐ Trsnf12 . Similarly, two DNA fragments corresponding to approximately 2.0 kb of up‐ and downstream the ATG codon of the respective genes were amplified from genomic DNA of QM9414, digested with Hin dIII/ Asc I and Not I/ Spe I for Trswi1 , Hin dIII/ Asc I and Not I/ Spe I for Trsnf5 , Trsnf2 and Trswi3 , respectively, ligated into the corresponding sites of pMDP tcu1 ‐ pry4 digested with the corresponding enzymes and ligated into the corresponding sites of the pMDP tcu1 ‐ pry4 plasmid to obtain the pMDP tcu1 ‐ Trsnf5 , pMDP tcu1 ‐ Trswi1 , pMDP tcu1 ‐ Trsnf2 and pMDP tcu1 ‐ Trswi3 plasmids.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the subcellular localization of GFP‐TrSNF12, GFP‐TrSWI1 and GFP‐TrSNF5, the Trsnf12 , Trswi1 and Trsnf5 coding sequences were amplified from QM9414 cDNA, digested with Not I and Spe I, and then ligated into the pMDP tcu1 ‐ gfp ‐T trpC plasmid (Lv et al , ) to generate the pMDP tcu1 ‐ gfp ‐ Trsnf12 , ‐ gfp ‐ Trswi1 and ‐gfp ‐ Trsnf5 ‐T trpC respectively. These plasmids were then individually co‐transformed with P tcu1 ‐mCherry‐ xyr1 ‐ pyr4 (Zheng et al , ) into QM9414Δ pyr4 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trichoderma reesei XYR1 recruits SWI/SNF to facilitate cellulase gene expression

Cao

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2019

Molecular Microbiology

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Summary Cellulase gene expression in Trichoderma reesei is highly responsive to environmental cues and is under stringent regulation by multiple transcription factors. XYR1 (Xylanase regulator 1) has been identified as the most important transcriptional activator of cellulase/hemicellulase gene expression although the precise transactivating mechanism remains largely elusive. Here we show that the activation domain of XYR1 interacts with the T. reesei homolog of the TrSNF12 subunit of SWI/SNF complex. Deletion of Trsnf12 markedly impaired the induced cellulase gene expression. Individual loss of other SWI/SNF subunits including the catalytic subunit also severely compromised cellulase gene expression and interfered with loss of histone H4 in the cbh1 and eg1 promoters upon cellulose induction. In addition, we find that the SWI/SNF occupancy on cellulase gene promoters strictly required XYR1 and TrSNF12 but TrSNF12 was dispensable for the XYR1 binding to these promoters. These data suggest a model in which XYR1 recruits SWI/SNF through direct interactions with TrSNF12 to remodel chromatin at cellulase gene promoters, thereby activating cellulase gene expression to initiate the cellulolytic response in T. reesei.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma reesei XYR1 recruits SWI/SNF to facilitate cellulase gene expression

Cao

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2019

Molecular Microbiology

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“…Xyr1 is regulated by BLR1 and ENV1. Interestingly, the mating type protein MAT1-2-1 interacts with XYR1 and is recruited to the cbh1 promoter in a XYR1 and light dependent manner [ 120 ]. The finding that ENV1 considerably regulates mat1 - 2 - 1 [ 44 ], the hypothesis that this light dependent effect is due to the function of photoreceptors is supported.…”

Section: Crucial Factors For Plant Cell Wall Degradation As Targets Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of plant cell wall degradation by light in Trichoderma

Schmoll

2018

Fungal Biol Biotechnol

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Trichoderma reesei (syn. Hypocrea jecorina) is the model organism for industrial production of plant cell wall degradating enzymes. The integration of light and nutrient signals for adaptation of enzyme production in T. reesei emerged as an important regulatory mechanism to be tackled for strain improvement. Gene regulation specific for cellulase inducing conditions is different in light and darkness with substantial regulation by photoreceptors. Genes regulated by light are clustered in the genome, with several of the clusters overlapping with CAZyme clusters. Major cellulase transcription factor genes and at least 75% of glycoside hydrolase encoding genes show the potential of light dependent regulation. Accordingly, light dependent protein complex formation occurs within the promoters of cellulases and their regulators. Additionally growth on diverse carbon sources is different between light and darkness and dependent on the presence of photoreceptors in several cases. Thereby, also light intensity plays a regulatory role, with cellulase levels dropping at higher light intensities dependent in the strain background. The heterotrimeric G-protein pathway is the most important nutrient signaling pathway in the connection with light response and triggers posttranscriptional regulation of cellulase expression. All G-protein alpha subunits impact cellulase regulation in a light dependent manner. The downstream cAMP pathway is involved in light dependent regulation as well. Connections between the regulatory pathways are mainly established via the photoreceptor ENV1. The effect of photoreceptors on plant cell wall degradation also occurs in the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. In the currently proposed model, T. reesei senses the presence of plant biomass in its environment by detection of building blocks of cellulose and hemicellulose. Interpretation of the respective signals is subsequently adjusted to the requirements in light and darkness (or on the surface versus within the substrate) by an interconnection of nutrient signaling with light response. This review provides an overview on the importance of light, photoreceptors and related signaling pathways for formation of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in T. reesei. Additionally, the relevance of light dependent gene regulation for industrial fermentations with Trichoderma as well as strategies for exploitation of the observed effects are discussed.

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“…In the last few years, several advances have been achieved in different research fields and contributed to a better understanding of the physiology and key features behind the T. reesei hypercellulolytic capacity. Such advances include the development of new tools for genetic manipulation (Derntl et al, 2015 ; Liu et al, 2015 ), transcriptomic and proteomic studies using lignocellulosic residues (Dos Santos Castro et al, 2014 ; Borin et al, 2015 , 2017 ; Daly et al, 2017 ; Ellilä et al, 2017 ; Cologna et al, 2018 ), the discovery of new transcription factors (TFs) and regulatory elements (Derntl et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Stappler et al, 2017 ; Zheng et al, 2017b ; Benocci et al, 2018 ), promoter characterization (Zheng et al, 2017a ; Kiesenhofer et al, 2018 ) and structural studies of cellulases (Li et al, 2015 ; Bodenheimer and Meilleur, 2016 ; Eibinger et al, 2016 ; Ma et al, 2017 ; Borisova et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Co-expression Network Reveals Potential New Genes Related to Sugarcane Bagasse Degradation in Trichoderma reesei RUT-30

Borin

Carazzolle

Santos

et al. 2018

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The biomass-degrading fungus Trichoderma reesei has been considered a model for cellulose degradation, and it is the primary source of the industrial enzymatic cocktails used in second-generation (2G) ethanol production. However, although various studies and advances have been conducted to understand the cellulolytic system and the transcriptional regulation of T. reesei, the whole set of genes related to lignocellulose degradation has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we inferred a weighted gene co-expression network analysis based on the transcriptome dataset of the T. reesei RUT-C30 strain aiming to identify new target genes involved in sugarcane bagasse breakdown. In total, ~70% of all the differentially expressed genes were found in 28 highly connected gene modules. Several cellulases, sugar transporters, and hypothetical proteins coding genes upregulated in bagasse were grouped into the same modules. Among them, a single module contained the most representative core of cellulolytic enzymes (cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase). In addition, functional analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) revealed various classes of hydrolytic activity, cellulase activity, carbohydrate binding and cation:sugar symporter activity enriched in these modules. Several modules also showed GO enrichment for transcription factor activity, indicating the presence of transcriptional regulators along with the genes involved in cellulose breakdown and sugar transport as well as other genes encoding proteins with unknown functions. Highly connected genes (hubs) were also identified within each module, such as predicted transcription factors and genes encoding hypothetical proteins. In addition, various hubs contained at least one DNA binding site for the master activator Xyr1 according to our in silico analysis. The prediction of Xyr1 binding sites and the co-expression with genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes and sugar transporters suggest a putative role of these hubs in bagasse cell wall deconstruction. Our results demonstrate a vast range of new promising targets that merit additional studies to improve the cellulolytic potential of T. reesei strains and to decrease the production costs of 2G ethanol.

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The mating type locus protein MAT1-2-1 of Trichoderma reesei interacts with Xyr1 and regulates cellulase gene expression in response to light

Cited by 25 publications

References 42 publications

Trichoderma reesei XYR1 recruits SWI/SNF to facilitate cellulase gene expression

Trichoderma reesei XYR1 recruits SWI/SNF to facilitate cellulase gene expression

Regulation of plant cell wall degradation by light in Trichoderma

Gene Co-expression Network Reveals Potential New Genes Related to Sugarcane Bagasse Degradation in Trichoderma reesei RUT-30

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