The maternal-to-zygotic transition: a play in two acts

Tadros, Wael; Lipshitz, Howard D.

doi:10.1242/dev.033183

Cited by 1,008 publications

(992 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…However, Kanka and co-authors (Kanka et al 2009) have demonstrated transcriptional activity of a few genes in 4-cell stage bovine embryos. This increase in transcription of selected genes, prior to the global activation at the 8 to 16-cell stage has been referred to as the "minor genome activation" and has been reported in several species [for review see (Tadros & Lipshitz 2009). Further studies are needed to determine if the increase in H3R26me2 levels observed in the 4-cell embryos in the present study are associated with minor activation of the embryonic genome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Supplementation of fetal bovine serum alters histone modification H3R26me2 during preimplantation development of in vitro produced bovine embryos

et al. 2015

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In vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos is not only of great economic importance to the cattle industry, but is also an important model for studying embryo development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histone modification, H3R26me2 during pre-implantation development of IVP bovine embryos cultured with or without serum supplementation and how these in vitro treatments compared to in vivo embryos at the morula stage. After in vitro maturation and fertilization, bovine embryos were cultured with either 0 or 2.5% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Development was evaluated and embryos were collected and fixed at different stages during development (2-, 4-, 8-, 16-cell, morula and blastocyst). Fixed embryos were then used for immunofluorescence utilizing an antibody for H3R26me2. Images of stained embryos were analyzed as a percentage of total DNA. Embryos cultured with 2.5% FBS developed to blastocysts at a greater rate than 0%FBS groups (34.85±5.43% vs. 23.38±2.93%; P<0.05). Levels of H3R26me2 changed for both groups over development. In the 0%FBS group, the greatest amount of H3R26me2 staining was at the 4-cell (P<0.05), 16-cell (P<0.05) and morula (P<0.05) stages. In the 2.5%FBS group, only 4-cell stage embryos were significantly higher than all other stages (P<0.01). Morula stage in vivo embryos had similar levels as the 0%FBS group, and both were significantly higher than the 2.5%FBS group. These results suggest that the histone modification H3R26me2 is regulated during development of pre-implantation bovine embryos, and that culture conditions greatly alter this regulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Supplementation of fetal bovine serum alters histone modification H3R26me2 during preimplantation development of in vitro produced bovine embryos

et al. 2015

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“…We find that genes with relatively high methylation density are significantly enriched for functions associated with organ and anatomical structure development (Table 3), which taken together with the findings discussed in the preceding paragraph suggests that genes with a role in later stages of development may be suppressed by methylation at stage 5. Embryonic stage 5 in Drosophila coincides with the beginning of zygotic gene expression (Foe and Alberts 1983;Tadros and Lipshitz 2009). The relative abundance of cytosine methylation at this stage, its apparent effect on gene expression, and its association with genes that play a role in development, prompt us to speculate that methylation participates in gene regulation at the maternal-zygotic transition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome methylation in D. melanogaster is found at specific short motifs and is independent of DNMT2 activity

Takayama¹,

Dhahbi²,

et al. 2014

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Cytosine methylation in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster has been elusive and controversial: Its location and function have not been established. We have used a novel and highly sensitive genomewide cytosine methylation assay to detect and map genome methylation in stage 5 Drosophila embryos. The methylation we observe with this method is highly localized and strand asymmetrical, limited to regions covering ∼1% of the genome, dynamic in early embryogenesis, and concentrated in specific 5-base sequence motifs that are CA- and CT-rich but depleted of guanine. Gene body methylation is associated with lower expression, and many genes containing methylated regions have developmental or transcriptional functions. The only known DNA methyltransferase in Drosophila is the DNMT2 homolog MT2, but lines deficient for MT2 retain genomic methylation, implying the presence of a novel methyltransferase. The association of methylation with a lower expression of specific developmental genes at stage 5 raises the possibility that it participates in controlling gene expression during the maternal-zygotic transition.

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“…In contrast, the global TSS use patterns seem remarkably stable across different somatic cell types, although differential TSS selection is evident at individual promoters between specific cell types [27]. Also, the purpose of a separate TSS selection code in oocyte is unclear at present: it may be used as an efficient way of genome-wide change of transcriptional repertoire between the oocyte and somatic cells -the most dramatic of such changes in the life cycle of Metazoa [107].…”

Section: Overlapping Transcription Initiation Codes: Thousands Of 2-imentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoter architectures and developmental gene regulation

Haberle

Lenhard

2016

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

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Core promoters are minimal regions sufficient to direct accurate initiation of transcription and are crucial for regulation of gene expression. They are highly diverse in terms of associated core promoter motifs, underlying sequence composition and patterns of transcription initiation.Distinctive features of promoters are also seen at the chromatin level, including nucleosome positioning patterns and presence of specific histone modifications. Recent advances in identifying and characterizing promoters using next-generation sequencing-based technologies have provided the basis for their classification into functional groups and have shed light on their modes of regulation, with important implications for transcriptional regulation in development.This review discusses the methodology and the results of genome-wide studies that provided insight into the diversity of RNA polymerase II promoter architectures in vertebrates and other Metazoa, and the association of these architectures with distinct modes of regulation in embryonic development and differentiation.

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The maternal-to-zygotic transition: a play in two acts

Cited by 1,008 publications

References 88 publications

Supplementation of fetal bovine serum alters histone modification H3R26me2 during preimplantation development of in vitro produced bovine embryos

Supplementation of fetal bovine serum alters histone modification H3R26me2 during preimplantation development of in vitro produced bovine embryos

Genome methylation in D. melanogaster is found at specific short motifs and is independent of DNMT2 activity

Promoter architectures and developmental gene regulation

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