The materials and techniques used in the paintings of Francis Bacon (1909–1992)

Russell, Joanna E.; Singer, Brian; Perry, Justin J.; Bacon, Anne Marie

doi:10.1179/2047058412y.0000000009

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has often been used to characterise SOPs, being a technique very sensitive to organic compounds . Nevertheless, in real samples it may render complex spectra, where the signals of pigments, substrates, binding media, and fillers are all within the same analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, in real samples it may render complex spectra, where the signals of pigments, substrates, binding media, and fillers are all within the same analysis. Other techniques that were used to study SOPs include laser desorption mass spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry . Some of these techniques, however, require sampling of a large quantity of material and may involve laborious sample preparation, preventing them from being used in real samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthetic organic pigments in contemporary Balinese painting: a Raman microscopy study

Marcelino

Muralha

2012

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The colour palette from two 20th century and one 21st century Indonesian paintings from the island of Bali was determined by Raman microscopy. There is very little information concerning the artistic techniques from this region of the world and the influences in materials introduced by western artists. The most interesting finding of our study was the increasing substitution of natural pigments by modern synthetic organic pigments. The findings were also compared with samples of representative pigments commonly used by Bali artists, donated by a renowned Balinese painter. Raman microscopy, combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high‐performance liquid chromatography and μ‐EDXRF, was able to separate the different components on several colours, and to identify both synthetic organic pigments and inorganic components. Three azo pigments from the diarylide subclass, PY 83, PY 55 and PO 16, were identified on the yellow, brown, red and orange colours. A copper phthalocyanine blue PB 15:x and a basic dye BB 26 were responsible for the blue colours, the former admixed with ultramarine blue. Goethite was sometimes introduced to create the green colour. Two other basic dyes, BY2 and PG 4, were the main chromophores of the yellow and green samples of local pigments. The inorganic pigments comprised bone white, bone black, carbon‐based black pigment, haematite, goethite, vermilion, ultramarine blue and anatase. Finally, the ground layer of all the paintings was identified as rice starch, with a double function of a white pigment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic organic pigments in contemporary Balinese painting: a Raman microscopy study

Marcelino

Muralha

2012

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These connections continue to be the subject of our publications (Russell, 2010;Russell et al, 2011Russell et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…SEM-EDX analysis of the Winsor and Newton alizarin crimson oil paint, sample 037, and of the Rowney alizarin crimson oil paint, sample 047, showed the same pattern of peaks for Al, P, and Ca as seen in the alizarin lake pigment sample 005 (see Table 3). Some attempt has been made to approximately date the tubes of Winsor and Newton oil paint, using the numerical codes found on the tubes (Russell, 2010). The two tubes of acrylic paint analysed, samples 045 and 049, were found to have an ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate binder.…”

Section: Paint Tubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the materials found in the studio of Francis Bacon (1909–1992)

Russell

Singer

Perry

et al. 2012

Studies in Conservation

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The investigation of materials found in Bacon's studio is reported. The contents of the studio are examined and interpreted to identify the materials and colours most favoured by Bacon, and the range of media used. A small number of colours appear to have been heavily used. Some objects used as tools in the painting process are also investigated and explain textures seen in paint in his works. Samples of selected materials from the studio are analysed to identify the components of paints (pigments, extenders, and binders) used by Bacon. This investigation is part of a wider project examining his materials and techniques. The analytical information obtained here from the studio helps to clarify the statements made by Bacon in interviews regarding his use of materials and is proving useful in the identification of materials in his paintings, in order to help with the conservation and authentication of his works.

show abstract

“…4,5 Moreover, graffiti spray paints features among the materials employed in the work of representative artists such as Lucio Fontana, Richard Hamilton, Yves Klein, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Francis Bacon, and others. 6,7 Much like any other contemporary artwork, graffiti murals and paintings are starting to become part of our cultural heritage, which means that, at some point, works included in the street art movement will be taken under consideration for preservation or restoration. Characterization of spray paints and understanding of their chemical composition is essential in providing key information for the documentation and long-term conservation strategies of both street art graffiti and mixed-media murals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of spray paints used in street art graffiti by a non‐destructive multi‐analytical approach

Cortea

Ratoiu

Rădvan

2020

Color Research & Application

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Often associated with acts of vandalism, graffiti can also be identified with the so-called street art movement. Moreover, in the historical context of visual arts from the 20th and 21st century, graffiti spray paints feature among the materials employed in the work of representative artists such as Lucio Fontana, Richard Hamilton, Yves Klein, or David Alfaro Siqueiros. In this study, a large number of artist spray paints were analyzed by means of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), spectrophotometry, and Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI). The aim of the study was to provide a chemical characterization of the main organic and inorganic components present within the spray paint formulations by means of a complementary nondestructive approach. Titanium white, zinc white, bismuth vanadate yellow, ultramarine, strontium sulfide, iron, and copper oxides, along a series of pigments of the azo, phthalocyanine, and quinacridone classes could be identified. High amounts of barium sulfate as well as calcium-based extenders were also detected. FTIR analysis provided important information regarding the binder composition, mainly modified alkyd resins being identified. Additional information related to the existing chromophores as well as specific binderpigments interactions could also be highlighted within the HSI data sets. Overall results provide new insights on the complex chemistry of this new range of materials, which could help future investigations carried on street art graffiti, contemporary murals, or mixed-media artworks.

show abstract

The materials and techniques used in the paintings of Francis Bacon (1909–1992)

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Synthetic organic pigments in contemporary Balinese painting: a Raman microscopy study

Synthetic organic pigments in contemporary Balinese painting: a Raman microscopy study

Investigation of the materials found in the studio of Francis Bacon (1909–1992)

Characterization of spray paints used in street art graffiti by a non‐destructive multi‐analytical approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About