The MASTER-2001 model

Faster algorithm of debris cloud orbital character from spacecraft collision breakup

“…And the new NASA approach employed 'characteristic length', L c , as independent variable replacing previous mass. This leads to a fundamentally different data flow (Bendisch et al, 2004). But the new model has also drawbacks, for example, the masses assigned to objects below 1 mm diameter are too large, leading to very dense particles, and the additional velocity distribution for small fragments which does not match measurement data.…”

The proliferation of space objects is a rapidly increasing source of artificial night sky brightness

“…The integral form for N (r) can be easily transformed into differential form R(r) = − 1 n 0 dN(r) dr = − a r n 0 10 a log(2r)+b . The vertical stratification of objects in Earth orbit was modeled in accordance with Bendisch et al (2004). We have developed an analytical formula that models the experimental data reasonably well for altitudes h < 40000 km (Fig.…”

“…Spatial density of space objects larger than 1 mm as a function of altitude. Dots are data published byBendisch et al (2004), while the solid line represents our fitted model.…”

Proposed strategies for optical observations in a future European Space Surveillance network

“…The authors introduce the system architecture of the optical part in detail, and present the expected system performance. For the performance evaluation the authors make use of the ESA Program for Radar and Optical Observation Forecasting (PROOF) (Krag et al, 2000) in order to evaluate the minimal detectable object diameter by using the ESA MASTER-2001 model (Bendisch et al, 2004), and to estimate the expected catalogue coverage by using a reference population in two-line-elements (TLE) format.…”