The mass-independent oxygen isotopic composition in sulfate aerosol-a useful tool to identify sulfate formation: a review

Zhao, Yan; Zhang, Yanlin; Sun, Runxia

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105447

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…Here, 15 R sample is the 15 N/ 14 N ratio in the sample and 15 R standard is the 15 N/ 14 N ratio in the standard. Because relative isotope variations for elements heavier than hydrogen are typically quite small, the ratios (and the ratio of ratios) are usually close to 1.…”

Section: δ Notationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many applications, there are evolving needs for experimental and theoretical chemists to provide critical molecular level details of the underlying isotope effects. Given previous reviews on this general topic or a subtopic (e.g., [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], our purpose here is to provide brief histories and the most important updates on outstanding questions regarding the underlying physical chemistry. [One rich topic not discussed here is the mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes (S-MIF), which has been recently reviewed by Ono (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isotope Effects and the Atmosphere

Carlstad

Boering

2023

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.

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Chemical physics plays a large role in determining the isotopic compositions of gases in Earth's atmosphere, which in turn provide fundamental insights into the sources, sinks, and transformations of atmospheric gases and particulates and their influence on climate. This review focuses on the kinetic and photolysis isotope effects relevant to understanding the isotope compositions of atmospheric ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and other gases and their historical context. The discussion includes non-mass-dependent isotope compositions of oxygen-containing species and a brief overview of the recent growth of clumped isotope measurements at natural isotopic abundances, that is, of molecules containing more than one rare isotope. The intention is to introduce chemistry researchers to the field of using isotope compositions as tracers of atmospheric chemistry and climate both today and back in time through ice and rock records and to highlight the outstanding research questions to which experimental and theoretical physical chemists can contribute. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 74 is April 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Section: δ Notationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotope Effects and the Atmosphere

Carlstad

Boering

2023

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.

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“…Thus, it is critical to clarify the characteristics and key factors that influence the formation of SO 4 2− and NO 3 − in PM 2.5 . Studies were conducted in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region [4,6,13], Sichuan-Chongqing region [13], Yangtze River Delta region (YRD) [7,14], and Pearl River Delta region [10,15] throughout China to reveal the characteristics and impact factors of SO 4 2− and NO 3 − in PM 2.5 , based on field observations conducted since 2017, as concentrations of their precursors, i.e., SO 2 and NO 2 , had substantially decreased [16,17]. It was indicated that the decreases in concentrations of SO 4 2− and NO 3 − were much lower, particularly in autumn and winter in all of the study regions, compared with the decreases in concentrations of SO 2 and NO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics and Impact Factors of Sulfate and Nitrate in Urban PM2.5 over Typical Cities of Hangzhou Bay Area, China

Wang,

Ding,

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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PM2.5 pollution over Hangzhou Bay area, China has received continuous attention. In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected simultaneously in six typical cities in Zhejiang Province from 15 October 2019 to 15 January 2020 (autumn and winter) and from 1 June to 31 August 2020 (summer), and major water-soluble ions were analyzed. Average concentrations of NO3− and SO42− in the six cities were 3.93–15.64 μg/m3 and 4.61–7.58 μg/m3 in autumn and winter, with mass fractions of NO3− and SO42− in PM2.5 up to 19.6–34.2% and 13.6–26.3%, respectively, while in summer, they were 1.23–2.64 μg/m3 and 2.22–4.14 μg/m3, with mass fractions of 7.0–15.0% and 14.7~25.1%. Both NO3− and SO42− were mostly from gas-to-particle transformation of precursors. High relative humidity in the six cities was suggested to significantly promote the formation of NO3− and SO42−, particularly in autumn and winter, while enhanced atmospheric oxidation favored the formation of SO42− in summer. However, the formation of NO3− was inhibited under a high temperature of >15 °C. The concentrations of SO42− and NO3 were mostly correlated with each other among the six cities. Potential source contribution function analysis indicated that both SO42− and NO3− were mostly from local pollution of Hangzhou Bay area in Zhejiang Province and also transported from Shanghai and the southern region of Jiangsu Province. This study contributed to the understanding of regional characteristics of SO42− and NO3− in Hangzhou Bay area and suggested that joint prevention and control efforts should be strengthened to reduce regional PM2.5 pollution.

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Oxygen and nitrogen stable isotopes in reactive nitrogen compounds in the troposphere: A new tool for understanding tropospheric photochemistry

Michalski

2025

Treatise on Geochemistry

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The mass-independent oxygen isotopic composition in sulfate aerosol-a useful tool to identify sulfate formation: a review

Cited by 10 publications

References 196 publications

Isotope Effects and the Atmosphere

Isotope Effects and the Atmosphere

The Characteristics and Impact Factors of Sulfate and Nitrate in Urban PM2.5 over Typical Cities of Hangzhou Bay Area, China

Oxygen and nitrogen stable isotopes in reactive nitrogen compounds in the troposphere: A new tool for understanding tropospheric photochemistry

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