The mass defect of baryon stars

Abstract

The gravitational mass defect AM = nm n -M of neutron configurations has been investigated. Here M is the mass of the star, n is the number of neutrons it contains, and m n is the neutron mass, It is shown that in the case of central densities p(0) exceeding nuclear density by an order of magnitude AM exhibits anoma!ous behavior (according to Einstein's gravitational theory). The anomaly consists in that with increase in p(0) the mass defect decreases and, in the case of central baryon densities exceeding 104o cm "s, becomes negative. This phenomenon is caused by the severe disruption of additivity of internal energy in an intense gravity field, where nonlinear effects are extremely important. In Newton's theory of gravitation AM is positive for all densities. Baryon stars with a negative mass defect have a colossal reserve of internal energy. This energy is of the order of the proper energy of the star itself.1, The existence of baryon configurations with an anomalous (negative) mass defect was predicted in [1], The essence of the anomaly is that the mass of a superdense body is greater than the sum of the rest masses of the baryons it contains. In the study mentioned we emphasized the importance of such stellar configurations for astrophysics, but no detailed investigation was made. The same subject was later discussed by Zel'dovich [2]. He demonstrated that M < < fnm n, where M is the observed mass of the star, n is the number of neutrons in it, m n is the neutron mass, [~

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