The Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) Instrument: Characterization of Organic Material in Martian Sediments

Goesmann, Fred; Brinckerhoff, W. B.; Raulin, F.; Goetz, W.; Danell, Ryan M.; Getty, Stéphanie; Siljeström, Sandra; Mißbach, Helge; Steininger, Harald; Arévalo, Ricardo; Buch, Arnaud; Freissinet, Caroline; Grubisic, Andrej; Meierhenrich, Uwe J.; Pinnick, V.; Stalport, Fabien; Szopa, Cyril; Vago, Jorge L.; Lindner, Robert; Schulte, Mitchell D.; Brucato, J. R.; Glavin, Daniel P.; Grand, N.; Li, Xiang; Amerom, F. H. W. van

doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1551

Cited by 192 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The blind test experiments have been conducted using a slightly modified version of the laboratory prototype previously described in Briois et al, 2016. To provide a better absorption of organic molecules in the UV resulting into a more efficient ionisation, the UV nitrogen laser at 337 nm was exchanged for a Nd-YAG laser at 266 nm (Goesmann et al, 2017). The latter is the "Brilliant" model provided by Quantel, with 4 ns pulse duration and about 100 µJ energy per pulse.…”

Section: Ii) Methods A) the Laser Ablation -Cosmorbitrap Prototypementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of organic molecules with a laboratory prototype based on the Laser Ablation-CosmOrbitrap

Selliez

Briois

Carrasco

et al. 2019

Planetary and Space Science

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In the Solar System, extra-terrestrial organic molecules have been found on cometary primitive objects, on Titan and Enceladus icy moons and on Mars. Identification could be achieved for simple organic species by remote sensing based on spectroscopic methods. However in situ mass spectrometry is a key technology to determine the nature of more complex organic matter. A large panel of mass spectrometers has already been developed for space exploration combining different types of analysers and ion sources. Up to now the highest mass resolution reached with a space instrument is 9,000 at m/z 28 and corresponds to the DFMS-ROSINA instrument (Balsiger et al., 2007) dedicated to the study of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's atmosphere and ionosphere, in a low pressure environment. A new concept of mass analyser offering ultra-high mass resolving power of more than 50,000 at m/z 56 (under high vacuum condition about 10 -9 mbar) is currently being developed for space applications: the CosmOrbitrap (Briois et al., 2016), based on the Orbitrap™ technology. This work challenges the use of LAb-CosmOrbitrap, a space instrument prototype combining Laser Ablation ionisation and the CosmOrbitrap mass analyser, to identify solid organic molecules of relevance to the future space exploration. For this purpose a blind test was jointly organised by the JAXA-HRMS team (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry) and the CosmOrbitrap consortium. The JAXA team provided two organic samples, whereas the CosmOrbitrap consortium analysed them without prior information. Thanks to the high analytical performances of the prototype and our HRMS data post-processing, we successfully identified the two molecules as HOBt, hydroxybenzotriazole (C 6 H 5 N 3 O) and BBOT, 2,5-Bis(5-tert-butyl-benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene (C 26 H 26 N 2 O 2 S), with a mass resolving power of, respectively, 123 540 and 69 219. The success of this blind test on complex organic molecules shows the strong potential of LAb-CosmOrbitrap for future space applications. 4 Highlights: • Efficient ionisation of solid sample by nano-pulsed single laser shot • Powerful analytical performances of CosmOrbitrap mass analyser • Successful blind test identification of organics ionised by Laser-CosmOrbitrap • Laser-CosmOrbitrap relevant technique for space exploration of organic rich worlds

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Section: Ii) Methods A) the Laser Ablation -Cosmorbitrap Prototypementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of organic molecules with a laboratory prototype based on the Laser Ablation-CosmOrbitrap

Selliez

Briois

Carrasco

et al. 2019

Planetary and Space Science

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“…Both instruments, independently designed and manufactured, are based on different laser approaches. The MOMA uses a 266 nm laser with a tunable beam between 35 and 250 MW/cm 2 generated from a frequency quadrupled beam from an Nd:Cr:YAG crystal [69,70], while the RLS instrument incorporates a DPSSL designed with an Nd:YAG crystal emitting an output beam frequency doubled to 532 nm [71]. The rover internal laboratories and lasers will analyze samples that will have been previously extracted from the Martian underground thanks to a mechanical drill incorporated on the rover.…”

Section: Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Technology in Photonic Applications for Space

Guilhot

Ribes-Pleguezuelo

2019

Instruments

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The registered history of laser technologies for space application starts with the first laser echoes reflected off the Moon in 1962. Since then, photonic technologies have become very prominent in most technical development. Their presence has also dramatically increased in space applications thanks to the many advantages they present over traditional equivalent devices, such as the immunity against electromagnetic interference, as well as their efficiency and low power consumption. Lasers are one of the key components in most of those applications. In this review, we present an overview of the main technologies involving lasers that are currently deployed in space, before reviewing the requirements for lasers to be reliable in that environment before discussing the advantages and drawbacks of replacing standard technologies by newly developed photonic laser-based devices.

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“…In this paper, we will present an overview of the design, realization, and qualification of the flight model of the diodepumped passively Q-switched solid-state laser for the MOMA instrument, which is part of the ESA ExoMars Pasteur Payload for Martian planetary surface exploration to be launched in 2020 [1]. MOMA will be accommodated inside a rover vehicle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV-DPSS laser flight model for the MOMA instrument of the ExoMars 2020 Mission

Weßels

Büttner

Ernst

et al. 2019

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2018

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the MOMA laser team a,b a Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., ABSTRACTThe flight model of the laser system for the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) instrument within the ExoMars 2020 mission for Martian planetary surface exploration has been developed, assembled, tested, and finally integrated to the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) mass spectrometer. The nanosecond laser system consists of a longitudinally pumped, passively Q-switched Nd:YAG based laser oscillator with a two-stage frequency doubling to 266 nm. The laser design was implemented in robust and lightweight models of the laser head (LH) with the pump unit in a separate electronics box.In parallel to the laser head integration and testing, materials and optics qualification and acceptance tests have been performed, e.g. to determine the optical damage threshold or the susceptibility to laser induced contamination processes.Before delivery to the NASA GSFC for integration to the mass spectrometer (MS) flight model (FM), the laser system has been qualified in an environmental test campaign including vibration, shock and thermal-vacuum testing. After delivery to GSFC and integration to the FM MS, the system has been successfully re-tested on the instrument level.

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The Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) Instrument: Characterization of Organic Material in Martian Sediments

Cited by 192 publications

References 70 publications

Identification of organic molecules with a laboratory prototype based on the Laser Ablation-CosmOrbitrap

Identification of organic molecules with a laboratory prototype based on the Laser Ablation-CosmOrbitrap

Laser Technology in Photonic Applications for Space

UV-DPSS laser flight model for the MOMA instrument of the ExoMars 2020 Mission

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