The Marcus Gunn Phenomenon

Spaeth, Edmund B.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(47)90522-9

Cited by 33 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Marcus Gunn syndrome, also known as Marcus Gunn jaw-winking synkinesis (MGJWS), was first described by Gunn in 1883 as a congenital unilateral ptosis with contraction of the levator palpebrae superioris in association with the external pterygoid muscle [1]. In previous studies, MGJWS was reported to occur in 2%–13% of patients with congenital ptosis [2–6]. Most cases are unilateral, although some bilateral cases and familial cases have been reported [7–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral Levator Aponeurosis Excision for Marcus Gunn Syndrome and Risk Factors of Residual Jaw Winking

Ning

Cao

Xie

et al. 2019

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose To investigate the association of ptosis, levator, and jaw winking in Marcus Gunn jaw-winking synkinesis (MGJWS), and the risk factor of preservation and outcomes of the unilateral levator excision and frontalis suspension. Methods Clinical features of MGJWS case series from 2011 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Association between jaw winking and ptosis/levator function was statistically analyzed. The patients underwent unilateral levator excision and frontalis suspension using silicone rod or autogenous fascia lata. Clinical outcomes were evaluated in operated patients and the independent risk factors of residual jaw winking were investigated after a long follow-up. Results There were 42 MGJWS patients in 2011 to 2018, accounting for 2.87% of all congenital blepharoptosis. 80% of mild jaw winking was accompanied with mild ptosis and fair levator function, and moderate-to-severe jaw winking was often accompanied with moderate-to-severe ptosis and poor levator function (P < 0.05). Ptosis showed a strong association with excursion of jaw winking (R = 0.785, P < 0.01). Jaw winking was resolved in all 34 operated patients with good correction of ptosis. Severity of jaw winking is an independent risk factor for the residual synkinesis after surgery. Severe preoperative jaw winking had an 18.05 times increased risk of postoperative residual synkinesis compared with moderate jaw winking (P < 0.05). Conclusions In MGJWS eyelid excursion of jaw winking has a direct correlation with ptosis and dysfunction of levator muscle. Unilateral levator aponeurosis excision and frontalis suspension is an efficient approach for MGJWS. Severe jaw winking is a risk factor of residual eyelid synkinesis after surgery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%