The mapping of emotions in a respiratory illness: Transferability of illness experience from Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension to COVID-19

Abstract

Objectives: Covid-19 poses an existential threat that has increased death anxiety at the individual and societal levels. In prior work, we have examined existential conversations in patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH), an incurable respiratory disease with symptom overlap. In this mixed method study, we analyse the emotional qualities of these conversations in PAH. By understanding the emotions in PAH, we may learn something about the feelings that can also be evoked in people coping with Covid-19. Methods: We interviewed 30 PAH patients from 2016-2018 about the meaning and impact of illness on their lives. We analysed transcripts and audio recordings for heightened emotional moments and categorised the emotional responses and topics that were discussed. A multiple correspondence analysis was conducted to identify the associations between emotions and topics. Clinical illustrations are provided for interpretation. Results: Mean age and illness duration was 52 and 6 years, and 77% were female. Participants had a mean of 5 emotional moments, each lasting on average 20 seconds. Half occurred in the first 20 minutes.Coping with diagnosis and the healthcare system was accompanied by feelings of shock and unfairness; relational issues involving close others evoked complicated feelings of isolation, worthlessness, and self-blame; and the experience of physical limitations and mortality salience elicited much anger and fear. Conclusion: People confronted by the threat of mortality from disease may have powerful feelings that they would benefit from sharing. These emotions are readily expressed because opportunities to discuss them are rare. Psychoeducation about illness experiences may help healthy people to relate to the medically ill and destigmatise the discussion of illness-related concerns. Research on coping with existential distress may be applied to the illness experience of Covid-19.

Loneliness in Breast Cancer Patients with Early Life Adversity: An Investigation of the Effects of Childhood Trauma and Self-Regulation

“…Greater self-discrepancy was associated with more ambivalence about emotional expression and loneliness, both directly and indirectly. Negative changes in self-concept provoked by the illness experience may create a dilemma for patients who can feel an increased need to express powerful feelings that are difficult to confront and difficult for others to hear [41]. The inability or lack of opportunity to share emotional experiences may lead to depression and anxiety [28].…”