The many glia of a tiny nematode: studying glial diversity using <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>

Mizeracka, Karolina; Heiman, Maxwell G.

doi:10.1002/wdev.171

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…This study provided acceptable evidence to claim that utilitarian reasoning plays a role in the moral judgments of members of more collectivist Asian cultures. This study broadened the empirical validity of previous studies that showed evidence of utilitarian reasoning in the moral judgments of the general public [ 16 , 23 , 25 ]. The study also contributed new evidence for expanding ethical theories that originated from Western individualist cultures to Asian cultures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The representations for others were more abstract, as they focus only on integrality and essential core attributes, whereas self-representations were more specific and gave more attention to periphery and detailed local features. Metaphorically, an individual who makes decisions for others is similar to a bird’s eye view over a forest and viewing an entire landscape, whereas a person who makes self-decisions is akin to close observation when looking at individual trees and leaves [ 23 ]. Kray and Gonzalez (1999) stated that only the superior dimension would be taken into consideration when giving advice [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moral Hypocrisy on the Basis of Construal Level: To Be a Utilitarian Personal Decision Maker or to Be a Moral Advisor?

Xiao

Yang

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundPeople encounter various moral issues that involve making decisions for others by giving advice.ObjectiveThis study investigated the characteristics of providing suggestions for oneself versus providing suggestions for others in ethical decision-making and the differences between them based on Construal Level Theory (CLT).MethodsA total of 768 undergraduate students from three universities in China were randomly assigned to eight groups on the basis of a grid of two Construal Levels (self or others) by two different numbers of people saved (5 people or 15 people) by two problem situations (trolley problem vs. footbridge problem). The investigation examined participants’ decisions to opt to take action or refrain from action that would have the consequence of saving more people.ResultsThe main effects of Construal Level (F1, 752 = 6.46, p = .011), saving number (F1, 752 = 35.81, p < .001), and problem situation type (F1, 752 = 330.55, p < .001) were all significant. The interaction of the problem situation and saving number (F1, 752 = 1.01, p = .31), and social distance and saving number (F1, 752 = 0.85, p = .36), and interaction of the three independent factors (F1, 752 = 0.47, p = .49) were not significant. However, the interaction of social distance and problem situation (F1, 752 = 9.46, p = .002) was significant. Results indicated the participants utilized a component of utilitarian reasoning in the decision-making, and their behaviors appeared more utilitarian at low Construal Levels (CLs) compared to high.ConclusionCLs, saving numbers, and problem situation significantly affected moral decision-making and exhibited significant interaction. Making decisions for oneself (low-construal) rather than giving advice to others (high-construal) was one important factor that determined whether the people were utilitarian or not. Utilitarian considerations are more relevant in impersonal dilemmas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral Hypocrisy on the Basis of Construal Level: To Be a Utilitarian Personal Decision Maker or to Be a Moral Advisor?

Xiao

Yang

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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“…All glia in this organism associate with sensory neurons to create sense organs[29,30]. Most of these are located in the animal's head and contain two glial cells of different types, called the sheath and the socket.…”

Section: The Power Of Invertebrate Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated morphogenesis of neurons and glia

Lamkin

Heiman

2017

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

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summary Glia adopt remarkable shapes that are tightly coordinated with the morphologies of their neuronal partners. Glia and neurons exhibit coordinated morphological changes on the time scale of minutes and on size scales ranging from nanometers to hundreds of microns. Here, we review recent studies that reveal the highly dynamic, localized morphological changes of mammalian neuron-glia contacts. We then explore the power of Drosophila and C. elegans models to study coordinated changes at defined neuron-glia contacts, highlighting the use of innovative genetic and imaging tools to uncover the molecular mechanisms responsible for coordinated morphogenesis of neurons and glia.

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“…The sheath (sh) and socket (so) glia of most sense organs appear to represent distinct cell types. For example, the AMsh glia are a different cell type than the AMso glia or CEPsh glia based on morphology, molecular profile, and function (Mizeracka and Heiman, 2015). As discussed in detail below, each of these glial cell types expresses a distinct transcriptional reporter.…”

Section: Survey Of Glial Promoters Used In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-type-specific promoters for C. elegans glia

Fung

Wexler

Heiman

2020

Preprint

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Cell-type-specific promoters for C. elegans glia 2 ABSTRACT Glia shape the development and function of the C. elegans nervous system, especially its sense organs and central neuropil (nerve ring). Cell-type-specific promoters allow investigators to label or manipulate individual glial cell types, and therefore provide a key tool for deciphering glial function. In this technical resource, we compare the specificity, brightness, and consistency of cell-type-specific promoters for C. elegans glia. We identify a set of promoters for the study of seven glial cell types (F16F9.3, amphid and phasmid sheath glia; F11C7.2, amphid sheath glia only; grl-2, amphid and phasmid socket glia; hlh-17, cephalic (CEP) sheath glia; and grl-18, inner labial (IL) socket glia) as well as a pan-glial promoter (mir-228). We compare these promoters to promoters that are expressed more variably in combinations of glial cell types (delm-1 and itx-1). We note that the expression of some promoters depends on external conditions or the internal state of the organism, such as developmental stage, suggesting glial plasticity. Finally, we demonstrate an approach for prospectively identifying cell-type-specific glial promoters using existing single-cell sequencing data, and we use this approach to identify two novel promoters specific to IL socket glia (col-53 and col-177).

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The many glia of a tiny nematode: studying glial diversity using Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Moral Hypocrisy on the Basis of Construal Level: To Be a Utilitarian Personal Decision Maker or to Be a Moral Advisor?

Moral Hypocrisy on the Basis of Construal Level: To Be a Utilitarian Personal Decision Maker or to Be a Moral Advisor?

Coordinated morphogenesis of neurons and glia

Cell-type-specific promoters for C. elegans glia

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