The many faces of Th17 cells

Peters, Anneli; Lee, Youjin; Kuchroo, Vijay K.

doi:10.1016/j.coi.2011.08.007

Cited by 211 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Interestingly, Th17 cells generated under this condition highly expressed IL-22, compared with Th17 cells induced by TGFβ and IL-6. However, anti-TGFβ antibody inhibited this differentiation, suggesting that endogenous TGFβ was necessary [2]. Subsequently, the induction of Th17 cells by use of the same cytokines was also reported by another group, but it was TGFβ independent.…”

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confidence: 87%

“…Moreover, Th17 cells generated in this manner produced IFNγ and expressed transcription factor T-bet as well as CXCR3, all Th1 products. And these Th17 cells were found more potent in induction of EAE than those induced in the presence of TGFβ and IL-6 [2].…”

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confidence: 98%

“…A third group found that IL-23 signaling significantly upregulates the expression of TGFβ3 in T cells [2]. TGFβ3 in the presence of IL-6 induced the "pathogenic" Th17 signatures.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It can be postulated that Th17 cells come in different flavors. In TGFβ-rich environment, e.g., gut [2], Th17 cells may be less pathogenic or even regulatory like, whereas during extensive inflammation under the influence of proinflammatory cytokines, they may be more pathogenic, producing cytokines such as IFNγ, GM-CSF and IL-22. What intrinsic mechanisms that differentially target different sets of genes in these two types of Th17 cell differentiation are unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Targeting Th17 cells in immune diseases

Dong

2014

Cell Res

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confidence: 87%

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confidence: 98%

“…A third group found that IL-23 signaling significantly upregulates the expression of TGFβ3 in T cells [2]. TGFβ3 in the presence of IL-6 induced the "pathogenic" Th17 signatures.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Targeting Th17 cells in immune diseases

Dong

2014

Cell Res

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“…Human arterial wall B cells produce GM-CSF, which is known to be a regulator of lesional dendritic cell accumulation and differentiation (51). GM-CSF is one of the general determinants of macrophage polarization toward the proinflammatory M1 (classical inflammatory macrophage) phenotype (52,53) and is also clearly associated with IL-17-producing Th17 cell pathogenicity (54). However, there is yet no unambiguous demonstration of an instrumental role for Th17 lymphocytes in atherosclerosis pathophysiology, and their involvement is still unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Resident B Cells of Vascular Walls in Human Atherosclerotic Patients

Hamze

Desmetz

Berthe

et al. 2013

The Journal of Immunology

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Animal models of atherosclerosis suggest that B cells have contradictory protective or proatherogenic effects that are also subset and context dependent. To further understand the pathophysiology of human atheroma, we characterized local Ig production and functional properties of resident B cells in human arterial lesions. Ig repertoires were analyzed by RT-PCR in carotid endarterectomy samples. Cytokine, differentiation marker and transcription factor mRNA expression was studied on arterial wall lymphocytes isolated by laser capture microdissection. Ig sequence analysis revealed that individual samples each contained a limited number of B cell clones. Functional α and γ mRNAs made up the majority of H chain mRNAs in the adventitia. Clonal evolution of Ig V regions, expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase, clonal H chain switch, and an inverted λ/κ ratio of Ig L chain usage indicated that a local differentiation process was taking place in arterial walls. Clonotypic markers revealed different plaque and adventitia Ig repertoires and a B cell recirculation between adventitia and draining lymph nodes. Microdissected mononuclear cells had an activated phenotype expressing IL-6, GM-CSF, and TNF-α, whereas IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, M-CSF, and IFN-γ were not detected. Adventitial oligoclonal resident B cells of atherosclerotic patients are mainly mature B2 (conventional) CD20− plasmablasts lacking markers of terminal differentiation to plasma cell (CD138 and Blimp-1). They present hallmarks of Ag-driven maturation and could act on inflammation and disease progression directly or by promoting polarization of other immune cells.

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Interleukin 17‐ProducingTLymphocytes

Larkin

2016

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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IL‐17‐producing T lymphocytes (T17s) play important roles in the clearance of extracellular bacterial and fungal infections. T17s consist of several subsets of lymphocytes possessing both innate and adaptive immune phenotypes. The production of IL‐17 by innate and adaptive immune cells allows the presence of this important cytokine at distinct parts of the immune response. Notably, T lymphocytes can acquire the IL‐17 effector function in either the thymus or the periphery. Although CD4+IL17+ T lymphocytes are generally considered to be reciprocal in effector functions compared to Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, the presence of IL‐17+Foxp3+ cells requires additional characterisation. Notably, strong evidence also implicates IL‐17‐producing T lymphocytes in several autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and asthma. It has been suggested that T lymphocytes such as IL17+Foxp3+ T lymphocytes, bearing aberrant effector functions, may be contributors to autoimmunity. Key Concepts Transcription factors are critical in the skewing of T lymphocyte effector functions. Interleukin 17 (IL‐17) is a cytokine which is critical in the regulation of bacterial communities and fungi within mammalian host organisms; however, it is also associated with autoimmunity. Interleukin 17 can be produced by several T cell populations including αβ CD4+ cells, αβ CD8+ and γδ T lymphocytes. IL‐17‐producing T lymphocytes are a heterogeneous population that elicits a spectrum of effector functions. The IL‐17 effector function can be acquired in the thymus or periphery. Although evidence suggests that IL‐17 production can drive immune events associated with autoimmunity, it is possible IL‐17 production may serve as a biomarker for T lymphocytes possessing varied autoimmune disease‐promoting effector functions. Regulation of T lymphocyte stability may have efficacy in the prevention of autoimmune disease.

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The many faces of Th17 cells

Cited by 211 publications

References 49 publications

Targeting Th17 cells in immune diseases

Targeting Th17 cells in immune diseases

Characterization of Resident B Cells of Vascular Walls in Human Atherosclerotic Patients

Interleukin 17‐ProducingTLymphocytes

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