The Manufacturing of Composite Materials in the Matrix of Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins

Krasinskyi, Volodymyr; Jachowicz, Tomasz; Dulebová, Ľudmila; Gajdoš, Ivan; Malinowski, Rafał

doi:10.12913/22998624/142288

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Epoxy and hydroxyl groups of the modified oligomer and the appearance of new polar groups during the hardening of the compositions also contribute to the formation of additional chemisorption bonds with the surfaces to be glued, as a result of which the adhesion of glue joints increases. The strength of the adhesive seam also increases due to the formation of a dense combined network (interpolymer complex) during the interaction of PFR with ER and PVP in the presence of DMA, as well as PFR with PVP [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of the Properties of Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Composites Using Mathematical Modeling of the Composition of the Polymer Mixture

Krasinskyi¹,

Jachowicz²,

Malinowski³

et al. 2022

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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The paper presents the results of studies of adhesive strength under shearing, thermal stability, and the content of the gel fraction of adhesive materials and enamels based on modified phenol-formaldehyde resins. Epoxy resin and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used to modify the phenol-formaldehyde resin. The influence of the content of components in the phenol-formaldehyde composition and the curing conditions on the properties of the obtained adhesive materials and coatings is analyzed. The effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone on internal stresses in adhesive joints has been established. By mathematical planning, the isolines of the characteristics of composite materials based on modified phenol-formaldehyde resin depending on their component's compositions are plotted, and the regression coefficients are found, enabling one to get materials with predicted properties. From a technical and economic point of view, the following content of additives in modified phenol-formaldehyde resin is most optimal: epoxy resin from 25 to 50 wt%, polyvinylpyrrolidone from 0.5 to 1.0 wt%, curing catalyst from 1 to 2.5 wt%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous work [18] developed a method of obtaining non-toxic composite materials based on modified phenol-formaldehyde resin with improved adhesive properties and heat resistance. Epoxy resin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were used to modify PFR and N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) as a curing catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the Properties of Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Composites Using Mathematical Modeling of the Composition of the Polymer Mixture

Krasinskyi¹,

Jachowicz²,

Malinowski³

et al. 2022

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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“…polymers with improved sorption [53], adhesive [54], and elastic [55] characteristics compared to polyHEMA are obtained. At the same time, the great advantage of pHEMA-gr-PVP copolymers is the simple one-step technology of their production in the presence of metal salts of various oxidation states [56].…”

Section: Synthesis Technique Of Me/phema-gr-pvp Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their unique characteristics, hydrogel materials based on polyHEMA are widely used for the manufacture of sensors for various purposes [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 52 ]. Polymerization of HEMA in the presence of PVP ensures that pHEMA-gr-PVP copolymers with improved sorption [ 53 ], adhesive [ 54 ], and elastic [ 55 ] characteristics compared to polyHEMA are obtained. At the same time, the great advantage of pHEMA-gr-PVP copolymers is the simple one-step technology of their production in the presence of metal salts of various oxidation states [ 56 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-Filled Polyvinylpyrrolidone Copolymers: Promising Platforms for Creating Sensors

et al. 2023

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This paper presents research results on the properties of composite materials based on cross-linked grafted copolymers of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and their hydrogels filled with finely dispersed metal powders (Zn, Co, Cu). Metal-filled pHEMA-gr-PVP copolymers in the dry state were studied for surface hardness and swelling ability, which was characterized by swelling kinetics curves and water content. Copolymers swollen in water to an equilibrium state were studied for hardness, elasticity, and plasticity. The heat resistance of dry composites was evaluated by the Vicat softening temperature. As a result, materials with a wide range of predetermined properties were obtained, including physico-mechanical properties (surface hardness 240 ÷ 330 MPa, hardness number 0.06 ÷ 2.8 MPa, elasticity number 75 ÷ 90%), electrical properties (specific volume resistance 102 ÷ 108 Ω⋅m), thermophysical properties (Vicat heat resistance 87 ÷ 122 °C), and sorption (swelling degree 0.7 ÷ 1.6 g (H2O)/g (polymer)) at room temperature. Resistance to the destruction of the polymer matrix was confirmed by the results concerning its behavior in aggressive media such as solutions of alkalis and acids (HCl, H2SO4, NaOH), as well as some solvents (ethanol, acetone, benzene, toluene). The obtained composites are characterized by electrical conductivity, which can be adjusted within wide limits depending on the nature and content of the metal filler. The specific electrical resistance of metal-filled pHEMA-gr-PVP copolymers is sensitive to changes in moisture (with a moisture increase from 0 to 50%, ρV decreases from 108 to 102 Ω⋅m), temperature (with a temperature change from 20 °C to 175 °C, ρV of dry samples decreases by 4.5 times), pH medium (within pH from 2 to 9, the range of ρV change is from 2 to 170 kΩ⋅m), load (with a change in compressive stress from 0 kPa to 140 kPa, ρV of swollen composites decreases by 2–4 times), and the presence of low molecular weight substances, which is proven by the example involving ethanol and ammonium hydroxide. The established dependencies of the electrical conductivity of metal-filled pHEMA-gr-PVP copolymers and their hydrogels on various factors, in combination with high strength, elastic properties, sorption capacity, and resistance to aggressive media, suggest the potential for further research as a platform for the manufacture of sensors for various purposes.

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The Manufacturing of Composite Materials in the Matrix of Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Prediction of the Properties of Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Composites Using Mathematical Modeling of the Composition of the Polymer Mixture

Prediction of the Properties of Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Composites Using Mathematical Modeling of the Composition of the Polymer Mixture

Metal-Filled Polyvinylpyrrolidone Copolymers: Promising Platforms for Creating Sensors

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