The manufacture and storage of cereal feeding-stuffs with incorporated non-protein nitrogen compounds

Snow, D.; Smith, James; Wright, Norman C.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600008194

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…As previously suggested by Snow et al (1945) such increases in total nitrogen are undoubtedly due to losses of dry matter from the feeding stuff during storage. The activity of enzymes in the cereal constituents or of micro-organisms growing on the bran would, in the main, effect a breakdown of the carbohydrate material which would lead to the formation of water and carbon dioxide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…In earlier work by Snow, Smith & Wright (1945) on the storage of cereal feeding stuffs containing incorporated non-protein nitrogen compounds, the observation was made that the total nitrogen contents of the feeding stuffs (calculated on a drymatter basis) appeared to increase slightly over a period of 30 weeks. The increases were attributed to a loss of dry matter from the stored feeding stuffs resulting from enzymatic and microbial activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The respiration rate and loss of dry matter from stored bran

Snow

Wright

1945

J. Agric. Sci.

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1. Experiments were made on the respiration of bran at different moisture levels using a continuous absorption apparatus in which the humidity of the air-stream was adjusted to be at equilibrium with the respiring bran. The rate of respiration was accelerated with increasing moisture content and was very rapid deterioration due to the high respiration rate and microbiological damage.2. Experiments were made on the storage of bran at known moisture contents in closed tins in the laboratory and also in sacks kept under farm conditions. The total nitrogen content of the bran stored in the tins appeared to increase during storage. From similar increases in total phosphorus, it is clear that the increase in total nitrogen was caused by a loss of dry matter from the stored feeding stuff, a fact which was further demonstrated by the loss in dry weight of the sacks of bran with attributed to two causes: (1) the respiration of the plant cells still active in the bran itself, and (2) the respiration of developing micro-organisms. It is evident from these experiments that fresh bran, free from insect infestation and stored at a moisture content of less than 13%, will have a very low respiration rate and will, therefore, not be liable to heating. Bran of 15–19% moisture content respires at a much faster rate and the time for which such material can be stored with freedom from heating or other types of deterioration will be limited.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The respiration rate and loss of dry matter from stored bran

Snow

Wright

1945

J. Agric. Sci.

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Effect of storage on the fatty acids of dried ryegrass

Czerkawski

1967

Br J Nutr

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I. The compositions of the fatty acids in ryegrass were determined in fresh samples, and in samples dried at room temperature for 26 h, at 50' for 18 h or at 100' for 12 h. The drying of grass resulted in a small increase in palmitic acid and a decrease in linolenic acid in the total fatty acids.2. Samples of grass dried at 50' and IOOO were stored at three relative humidities (rh < 3 yo, 47 yo and 80 %) for 13 months.3. There were marked changes in the samples stored at 80% rh, with an onset of mould growth and a loss of dry matter. The samples stored at lower humidities had no mould.4. There were two types of change in the fatty acids during storage. The deterioration brought about by mould was accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of linolenic acid and an increase in the concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids. The other type of change observed at the lower humidities resulted in a decrease in the content of linolenic and an increase in the content of palmitic, and did not affect the amounts of oleic and linoleic cells.5. There was little difference between the changes that occurred in the composition of the total fatty acids of the grass dried at 50' and of that dried at 100". The changes that were at all significant appeared to occur less rapidly, particularly in the early months of storage, in the grass dried at the higher temperature for the shorter time.The successful preservation of dried forages in an intact form is of economic importance, and various aspects of this problem were studied intermittently at this Institute and elsewhere, particularly during the Second World War and immediately afterwards. On long storage in this country feeding-stuffs can be affected by moulding, and this aspect of the problem has received much attention (cf. Wright, 1941). The onset of moulding is related to the moisture content of the feeding-stuff and the latter was shown to be a direct function of the relative humidity (rh) of the atmosphere (Snow, Crichton & Wright, 1944a, b), but the emphasis was usually on prevention of moulding rather than on the changes that occurred in the composition of the material studied. The problem was reinvestigated by Waite (1949), who pointed out that the development of moulding depended on the storage temperature and that the critical humidity derived from laboratory experiments did not necessarily apply under practical conditions where the temperature was normally lower. Changes in the content of some components of the feeding-stuffs were investigated by Snow, Smith & Wright (1945) and by Snow & Wright (1945), and deterioration caused by agents other than mould was also considered.Lipid is a minor but important constituent of roughages (Garton, 1960), but any serious investigation of changes in this constituent during storage had to await the development of the new chromatographic techniques. Collins & Shorland ( I 944-5) studied the change that occurred in the total amounts of fatty acids and phospholipids in grass during drying and storage periods of relatively short dur...

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Discussion

Holmes

1946

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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One thing which is important in the application of these methods of conservation in Scotland, especially in the west, is the cost of drying under Scottish climatic conditions. Silage making is an alternative to haymaking. The farmer has to rcalize that if he were to aim at cutting the crop at half the size he would get better feeding material. One of the problems of feeding stock today is to get protein but to get it without much fibre.

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The manufacture and storage of cereal feeding-stuffs with incorporated non-protein nitrogen compounds

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

The respiration rate and loss of dry matter from stored bran

The respiration rate and loss of dry matter from stored bran

Effect of storage on the fatty acids of dried ryegrass

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