The mantle, ink sac, ink, arm hooks and soft body debris associated with the shells in Late Triassic coleoid cephalopod Phragmoteuthis from the Austrian Alps

The first discovery of crinoids and cephalopod hooklets in the British Triassic

“…1), especially the hook shown in Figure 8A. The hooklets also bear a resemblance to the arm hooks of the late Triassic Phragmoteuthis bisinuata (Doguzhaeva et al, 2007, fig. 2C; Fuchs et al, 2013, fig.…”

The Body Chamber Length Variations and Muscle and Mantle Attachments in Ammonoids

“…The fossilized mantle showed a high content of C but lacked Ca and P. The elemental composition is here given in weight percents: C (60-65 %); O (30 %); S (2-6 %); Si (1-2 %); Cd (0.5-1.8 %); Fe (1 %) and K, Al, Zn (each < 1 %) . A similar chemical composition was detected in the mandibles: C (53-58 %), O (30 %), Si (1-5 %), Fe (1-2 %), and Ca (< 1 %) (Doguzhaeva et al 2007a). The replacement of the muscular mantle tissues by carbon apparently resulted from the metabolism of anaerobic carbon-accumulating bacteria (Doguzhaeva et al , 2007a.…”

“…These coleoids show soft tissue preservation, which shows that the taphonomic conditions were suitable for soft tissue preservation of the co-occurring ammonoids as well (Doguzhaeva et al , 2006(Doguzhaeva et al , 2007aDoguzhaeva and Summesberger 2012). The mantle of Austrotrachyceras exhibits a thin laminate ultrastructure and in this respect, it is similar to the muscular mantle of the Jurassic coleoids Belemnoteuthis (Kar et al 1995) and Loligosepia ).…”

“…The conchs were compacted by lithostatic pressure, and their preserved shells retain their original aragonitic mineralogy with only little alteration . One of the shells was associated with its mandibles (Doguzhaeva et al 2007a). The mantle is a black glossy pitch-like mass restricted in distribution to the body chambers.…”

“…The mantle, so far known in the Late Triassic ceratitid Austrotrachyceras, was also found due to investigation of cephalopod remains from the paleoenvironment providing non-biomineralized structures (Doguzhaeva et al , 2007aDoguzhaeva and Summesberger 2012). Fine lamination of the fossilized mantle is thought to have resulted from the original lamination of the muscular tissue.…”