Abstract:Affect inductions have become essential for testing theories of affect and for conducting experimental research on the effects of mood and emotion. The current review takes stock of the vast body of existing literature on affect induction procedures (AIPs; also referred to as mood inductions) to evaluate the effectiveness of affect inductions as research tools and to test theories of affect (e.g., the bipolarity hypothesis, negativity bias, positivity offset, and theories of emotionality and gender) using meta… Show more
“…Finally, although the hypothesized model fit the data well, the order of the model elements might be organized differently as elements in T1 and T2 covered responses to the same stimulus, i.e., a film clip and the partner's capitalization attempt, respectively. Finally, the effects of clips on positive and negative affect that we observed were smaller than the average effects found in other studies (Joseph et al, 2020). Responders might have been emotionally engaged in the social interaction waiting for their partner's results.…”
Section: Limitations and Future Directionscontrasting
When individuals communicate enthusiasm for good events in their partners' lives, they contribute to a high-quality relationship; a phenomenon termed interpersonal capitalization. However, little is known when individuals are more ready to react enthusiastically to the partner's success. To address this gap, we examined whether positive and negative emotions boost or inhibit enthusiastic responses to partner's capitalization attempts (RCA). Participants (N = 224 individuals) responded to their partner's success. Before each capitalization attempt (operationalized as responses following the news that their partner won money in a game), we used video clips to elicit positive (primarily amusement) or negative (primarily anger) or neutral emotions in the responder. We recorded emotional valence, smiling intensity, verbal RCA, and physiological reactivity. We found indirect (but not direct) effects such that eliciting positive emotions boosted and negative emotions inhibited enthusiastic RCA (smiling intensity and enthusiastic verbal RCA). These effects were relatively small and mediated by emotional valence and smiling intensity but not physiological reactivity. The results offer novel evidence that positive emotions fuel the capitalization process.
“…Finally, although the hypothesized model fit the data well, the order of the model elements might be organized differently as elements in T1 and T2 covered responses to the same stimulus, i.e., a film clip and the partner's capitalization attempt, respectively. Finally, the effects of clips on positive and negative affect that we observed were smaller than the average effects found in other studies (Joseph et al, 2020). Responders might have been emotionally engaged in the social interaction waiting for their partner's results.…”
Section: Limitations and Future Directionscontrasting
When individuals communicate enthusiasm for good events in their partners' lives, they contribute to a high-quality relationship; a phenomenon termed interpersonal capitalization. However, little is known when individuals are more ready to react enthusiastically to the partner's success. To address this gap, we examined whether positive and negative emotions boost or inhibit enthusiastic responses to partner's capitalization attempts (RCA). Participants (N = 224 individuals) responded to their partner's success. Before each capitalization attempt (operationalized as responses following the news that their partner won money in a game), we used video clips to elicit positive (primarily amusement) or negative (primarily anger) or neutral emotions in the responder. We recorded emotional valence, smiling intensity, verbal RCA, and physiological reactivity. We found indirect (but not direct) effects such that eliciting positive emotions boosted and negative emotions inhibited enthusiastic RCA (smiling intensity and enthusiastic verbal RCA). These effects were relatively small and mediated by emotional valence and smiling intensity but not physiological reactivity. The results offer novel evidence that positive emotions fuel the capitalization process.
“…Third, regarding emotional induction, in addition to the autobiographical memory method used by DeSteno et al [7], we also used emotional video clips, which has been demonstrated to be the most effective way of inducing emotions in the lab [12,21]. The manipulation check also showed that participants in the anger condition expressed more anger than those in the sadness and the neutral conditions.…”
Background: Previous studies showed that anger, rather than sadness, created automatic intergroup bias in a minimal group context. Methods: The current research reports a single study (N = 99) aiming to replicate this finding and further to test whether the intergroup bias manifests as ingroup favoritism, outgroup derogation, or both. Results: Our results failed to replicate the effect of anger on automatic bias. Intriguingly, participants across all emotion conditions exhibited high level of ingroup favoritism, but there was little evidence of outgroup derogation. Conclusion: These results suggest that, when there is no competition or conflict between groups, individuals, even in a bad emotional state such as anger, generally show ingroup love rather than outgroup hate.
“…Participants were encouraged to empathize with and relate to the persons portrayed in the clips. Meta-analyses have shown several mood induction procedures to be effective, but especially the combination of film clips with the instruction to empathize with the characters [33,34]. The efficacy of the different film clips in inducing the desired mood was piloted in advance (N negative group = 13; N positive group = 15; N neutral group = 13).…”
Individuals who experience difficulty constructing coherent narratives about significant personal experiences generally report less psychological well-being and more depressive symptoms. It remains, however, unclear whether a negative emotional state, one of the core symptoms of depression, causes this impairment in autobiographical memory coherence. The current study aimed to examine the causal relation between mood and memory coherence by means of a mood induction paradigm. A group of 165 students were randomly allocated to one of three mood groups: negative, positive, and neutral. We hypothesized that memory coherence would decrease following a negative mood induction. In addition, working memory capacity was expected to mediate the association between mood and memory coherence. Contrary to predictions, memory coherence increased following a negative mood induction. This increase was likewise observed in the positive mood group, though memory coherence remained consistent in the neutral mood group. This effect of mood on memory coherence was solely observed in female participants and not in the small male subsample. Results provided no support for the hypothesis that working memory capacity functioned as an underlying mechanism. Different theoretical explanations are discussed.
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