The Mangled Extremity

Pressure Measurement at Biomedical Interfaces

“…use of a relatively simple maneuver such as applying a tourniquet can reduce morbidity since limb-injury exsanguination is a leading cause of preventable trauma deaths on the modern battlefield (Rush et al, 2009). The primary function of the tourniquet is to occlude major arteries in order to save life (Walters et al, 2005).…”

Complex upper limb reconstruction using dorsoepigastric flap. Case report of a convenient resource

“…Once stability has been achieved, the main question is whether an extremity saving procedure or amputation should be performed. To appropriately address this issue several factors need to be considered, and the decision should be taken on an individual basis, as to this date, none of the currently available “severity” scales, such as, MESI, PSI, HFS, MESS, LSI or NISSA have been validated for decision making in prospective trials for open population nor have shown any benefit in the treatment of this patients [4,5].…”

Limb Salvage Versus Amputation for the Mangled Extremity: Factors Affecting Decision-Making and Outcomes

“…It is a primarily descriptive system developed to stratify the risk of infections in open lower extremity fractures only [ 23 ]. Injuries classified as Gustilo-Anderson type III, the most severe injuries, are associated with a 50% primary amputation rate [ 24 ]. In their work, Caudle and Stern showed the prognostic relevance of Gustilo-Anderson subclassification of type III injuries in determining infection, non-union, and amputation rates [ 25 ].…”